US Patent Class 356
OPTICS: MEASURING AND TESTING



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  DF  CLASS NOTES
2  DF  CONTOUR PLOTTING
3  DF  RANGE OR REMOTE DISTANCE FINDING
3.01  DF  .~ Triangulation ranging to a point with one projected beam
3.02  DF  .~.~ Using photodetection with a fixed axial line of sight
3.03  DF  .~.~ Using a source beam with a fixed axial direction or plane
3.04  DF  .~.~.~ With a single staring photodetector having one element
3.05  DF  .~.~.~.~ Having moving receiver optics
3.06  DF  .~.~.~ With a single photodetector having multiple elements
3.07  DF  .~.~.~.~ Having electronic scanning of the photodetector
3.08  DF  .~.~.~ With at least one paired set of staring photodetectors
3.09  DF  .~.~ Requiring scanning of a source beam
3.1  DF  .~ Triangulation ranging to a point with two or more projected beams
3.11  DF  .~.~ Using photodetection at the source station(s)
3.12  DF  .~.~ Using photodetection remote from the source station(s)
3.13  DF  .~ Triangulation ranging with photodetection, but with no projected beam
3.14  DF  .~.~ Using at least a pair of viewing axes
3.15  DF  .~.~.~ With one viewing axis fixed
3.16  DF  .~.~.~ With moving optical elements in all viewing axes
4.01  DF  .~ With photodetection
4.02  DF  .~.~ Of a simulation or test
4.03  DF  .~.~ Of focused image size or dimensions
4.04  DF  .~.~ Of degree of defocus
4.05  DF  .~.~ Of focal point search
4.06  DF  .~.~ Of differential amplitude at two source or detector distances
4.07  DF  .~.~ Of intensity proportional to distance
4.08  DF  .~.~ Of height relative to a light plane
4.09  DF  .~.~ Of light interference fringes
4.1  DF  .~.~.~ Having different frequency sources
5.01  DF  .~.~ Of pulse transit time
5.02  DF  .~.~.~ Having return coincide with swept display or detector
5.03  DF  .~.~.~ Having one or more return pulse gates or windows
5.04  DF  .~.~.~.~ Including a displayed image
5.05  DF  .~.~.~ Having pulse transmission trigger significance
5.06  DF  .~.~.~.~ Including optical pick-off of transmission start
5.07  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ With specific counter type timing of returns
5.08  DF  .~.~.~.~ Including specific counter type timing of returns
5.09  DF  .~.~ Of frequency difference
5.1  DF  .~.~ Of CW phase delay
5.11  DF  .~.~.~ Having multiple carrier or modulation frequencies
5.12  DF  .~.~.~.~ Including an alternating reference path
5.13  DF  .~.~.~ Having an alternating reference path
5.14  DF  .~.~.~ Having polarization discrimination
5.15  DF  .~.~.~ Having specific IF mixing of returns
6  DF  .~ Instrument condition testing or indicating
7  DF  .~ Periscope or offset type
8  DF  .~ With view finder
9  DF  .~ Base line instrument (i.e., base is a part of instrument)
10  DF  .~.~ With filter or light valve
11  DF  .~.~ Range finder combined with height finder
12  DF  .~.~ Stereoscopic
13  DF  .~.~.~ Ortho-pseudo type
14  DF  .~.~.~ Stationary measuring marks
15  DF  .~.~ Length of base line variable
16  DF  .~.~ Image displaced by moving refracting element
17  DF  .~.~ Image displaced by rotating reflecting element
18  DF  .~.~ With mounting, supporting, adjusting, or folding structure
19  DF  .~.~ Prism structure for determining coincidence
20  DF  .~ External basis type
21  DF  .~.~ Object size or distance known
22  DF  .~.~.~ With displaced images
23  DF  MOTION STOPPING (E.G., STROBOSCOPES)
24  DF  .~ Periodically moving reflecting or refracting element
25  DF  .~ Periodically moving light interrupting element
26  DF  .~.~ Vibrating or oscillating element
27  DF  VELOCITY OR VELOCITY/HEIGHT MEASURING
28  DF  .~ With light detector (e.g., photocell)
28.5  DF  .~.~ Of light interference (e.g., interferometer)
29  DF  OPTICAL ELEMENT OR RETICLE RESPONDS TO RELATIVE VELOCITY OF REMOTE OBJECT
30  DF  CRYSTAL OR GEM EXAMINATION
31  DF  .~ Axes determination
32  DF  MATERIAL STRAIN ANALYSIS
33  DF  .~ With polarized light
34  DF  .~.~ Attached detector
35  DF  .~.~ Sheet material
35.5  DF  .~ By light interference detector (e.g., interferometer)
36  DF  WITH SAMPLE PREPARATION
37  DF  .~ Condensation nuclei detector
38  DF  .~ Depositing particles on optical surface
39  DF  BLOOD ANALYSIS
40  DF  .~ Hemoglobin concentration
41  DF  .~.~ Oximeters
42  DF  .~.~ Standards
43  DF  OPTICAL PYROMETERS
44  DF  .~ With sample engaging rod or tube
45  DF  .~ Plural color responsive
46  DF  .~ With incandescent standard
47  DF  .~.~ Automatic intensity control
48  DF  .~.~ Modulating (e.g., flicker beam)
49  DF  .~.~ Telescopic
50  DF  .~.~.~ Current control
51  DF  INFRARED AND ULTRAVIOLET
52  DF  EGG CANDLING
53  DF  .~ Photoelectric
54  DF  .~ With counting, marking, or weighing
55  DF  .~ With egg transfer
56  DF  .~.~ With egg turning or jarring
57  DF  .~.~.~ Endless conveyor
58  DF  .~.~ Endless conveyor
59  DF  .~.~ Manual transfer
60  DF  .~.~.~ With light shading chamber
61  DF  .~.~.~ Portable receptacles
62  DF  .~ With light shading chamber
63  DF  .~.~ Hood type
64  DF  .~ With light box
65  DF  .~.~ With egg turning or jarring
66  DF  .~.~ With particular illumination means
67  DF  .~.~.~ With particular electrical switching
68  DF  .~ Lamp attachments
69  DF  CUTTING BLADE SHARPNESS
70  DF  OIL TESTING (E.G., CONTAMINATION)
71  DF  DOCUMENT PATTERN ANALYSIS OR VERIFICATION
72  DF  WITH PLURAL DIVERSE TEST OR ART
73  DF  PLURAL TEST
73.1  DF  FOR OPTICAL FIBER OR WAVEGUIDE INSPECTION
300  DF  BY DISPERSED LIGHT SPECTROSCOPY
301  DF  .~ With Raman type light scattering
302  DF  .~ For spectrographic (i.e., photographic) investigation
303  DF  .~.~ With spectral analysis
304  DF  .~.~ With sectored disc
305  DF  .~.~ With diffraction grating
306  DF  .~ With internal standard comparison
307  DF  .~ With background radiation comparison
308  DF  .~ With synchronized spectrum repetitive scanning (e.g., cathode-ray readout)
309  DF  .~.~ Using plural beams
310  DF  .~ With aperture mask
311  DF  .~ With sample excitation (e.g., burning)
312  DF  .~.~ By electrical resistance heating (e.g., graphite tube)
313  DF  .~.~ By arc or spark
314  DF  .~.~.~ Including sputtering
315  DF  .~.~ By flame
316  DF  .~.~ By high frequency field (e.g., plasma discharge)
317  DF  .~.~ By light
318  DF  .~.~.~ Monochromatic (e.g., laser)
319  DF  .~ Utilizing a spectrophotometer (i.e., plural beam)
320  DF  .~.~ Having plural wavelengths
321  DF  .~.~ Having servo equalization
322  DF  .~.~.~ With polarized light beams
323  DF  .~.~ Having beam modulation
324  DF  .~.~.~ With plural dispersion
325  DF  .~.~.~ Prior to testing
326  DF  .~ Utilizing a spectrometer
327  DF  .~.~ Having light polarizing means
328  DF  .~.~ Having diffraction grating means
329  DF  .~.~.~ Including servo slit adjustment means
330  DF  .~.~ Having optical gating means
331  DF  .~ With monochromator structure
332  DF  .~.~ Having adjustable color or bandwidth
333  DF  .~.~.~ In a double monochromator
334  DF  .~.~.~ With diffraction grating means
335  DF  FOR SIZE OF PARTICLES
336  DF  .~ By particle light scattering
337  DF  BY PARTICLE LIGHT SCATTERING
338  DF  .~ With photocell detection
339  DF  .~.~ At right angles to the light beam (e.g., nephelometer)
340  DF  .~.~ At variable angle to the light beam
341  DF  .~.~ For light comparison means
342  DF  .~.~ Of back-scattered light
343  DF  .~.~ Using plural photocells
344  DF  BY ELECTROPHORESIS
345  DF  BY LIGHT INTERFERENCE (E.G., INTERFEROMETERS)
346  DF  .~ Spectroscopy
347  DF  .~ Holography
348  DF  .~.~ For optical configuration
349  DF  .~ With light beams of different frequency (e.g., heterodyning)
350  DF  .~.~ For rotation rate (e.g., ring laser)
351  DF  .~ With polarization
352  DF  .~ With partially reflecting plates in series (e.g., Fabry-Perot type)
353  DF  .~ With shearing
354  DF  .~ With wavefront division (e.g., by diffraction)
355  DF  .~.~ For dimensional measurement (e.g., thickness)
356  DF  .~.~.~ Of displacement or distance
357  DF  .~ For dimensional measurement (e.g., thickness)
358  DF  .~.~ Of displacement or distance
359  DF  .~ For optical configuration
360  DF  .~.~ With two light beams (e.g., Twyman-Green)
361  DF  .~ For refractive indexing
362  DF  .~.~ With Schlieren effect
363  DF  .~ For orientation and alignment
364  DF  BY POLARIZED LIGHT EXAMINATION
365  DF  .~ With birefringent element
366  DF  .~ With polariscopes
367  DF  .~.~ Including polarimeters
368  DF  .~.~.~ With electro-optical light rotation
369  DF  .~ Of surface reflection
370  DF  .~ With light attenuation
371  DF  FOR FLATNESS
121  DF  LAMP BEAM DIRECTION OR PATTERN
122  DF  .~ With lamp focusing
123  DF  FOCAL POSITION OF LIGHT SOURCE
124  DF  LENS OR REFLECTIVE IMAGE FORMER TESTING
124.5  DF  .~ For optical transfer function
125  DF  .~ Focal length measuring
126  DF  .~.~ Deflecting or interrupting optical path
127  DF  .~ Optical center, cylinder axis, or prism measuring or determining
128  DF  REFRACTION TESTING (E.G., REFRACTOMETERS)
129  DF  .~ Schlieren effect
130  DF  .~ Differential
131  DF  .~.~ With servo controlled optical member
132  DF  .~.~.~ Reflective optical member
133  DF  .~ Refractive rod engages specimen
134  DF  .~ Prism forming fluid specimen container
135  DF  .~ Prism engaging specimen
136  DF  .~.~ Internally reflecting prism
137  DF  .~.~ Plural prisms
138  DF  ANGLE MEASURING OR ANGULAR AXIAL ALIGNMENT
139  DF  .~ Plural scales or different portions of same scale simultaneously observable
139.01  DF  .~ Star/Sun/Satellite position indication with photodetection
139.02  DF  .~.~ With reticle or slot
139.03  DF  .~ Relative attitude indication along 3 axes with photodetection
139.04  DF  .~ Automatic following or aligning while indicating measurement
139.05  DF  .~.~ With optical elements moving relative to fixed housing to follow or align
139.06  DF  .~.~ With optical housing moving to follow or align
139.07  DF  .~.~ With photodetection of reflected beam angle with respect to a unidirectional source beam
139.08  DF  .~.~.~ With source beam moving to follow or align
139.09  DF  .~ Wheel alignment with photodetection
139.1  DF  .~ Photodetection of inclination from level or vertical
140  DF  .~ Apex of angle at observing or detecting station
141.1  DF  .~.~ With photodetection of reflected beam angle with respect to a unidirectional source beam
141.2  DF  .~.~ With photodetection
141.3  DF  .~.~.~ With unidirectional or planar source beam directed at the photodetecting station
141.4  DF  .~.~.~ With optical scanning of light beam or detector
141.5  DF  .~.~.~ With at least 2-dimensional sensitivity
142  DF  .~.~ Scale and remote point simultaneously observable
143  DF  .~.~.~ Artificial reference
144  DF  .~.~ With plural images
145  DF  .~.~.~ Lines of sight relatively adjustable with two degrees of freedom
146  DF  .~.~.~ Two or more lines of sight deflected
147  DF  .~.~ Measurement in two planes (e.g., azimuth and elevation; hour angle and declination)
148  DF  .~.~ Artificial reference
149  DF  .~.~.~ Gyroscope or pendulum stabilized optical element
150  DF  .~ Sides of angle or axes being aligned transverse to optical axis (e.g., drift meter)
151  DF  .~.~ With light pulsing or interrupting means
152.1  DF  .~ With photodetection remote from measured angle
152.2  DF  .~.~ With reflection of a unidirectional source beam from a planar or nonretroreflective surface
152.3  DF  .~.~ With reflection of a unidirectional source beam from a retroreflector
153  DF  .~ Alignment of axes nominally coaxial
154  DF  .~ With screen
155  DF  .~.~ Wheel alignment
372  DF  BY MENSURATION
373  DF  .~ Of article displacement
374  DF  .~.~ Including moire' fringe generation
375  DF  .~ Of position
376  DF  .~ Of contour or profile
377  DF  .~.~ With curve readers
378  DF  .~ Of cavities
379  DF  .~ Of area or volume
380  DF  .~.~ By scanning
381  DF  .~ Of thickness
382  DF  .~.~ Of light permeable material
383  DF  .~ Of length
384  DF  .~ Of width or diameter
385  DF  .~.~ Of moving object
386  DF  .~.~.~ By scanning or light interruption
387  DF  .~.~ By scanning or light interruption
388  DF  BY CONFIGURATION COMPARISON
389  DF  .~ With photosensitive film or plate
390  DF  .~ With two images of single article compared
391  DF  .~ With projection on viewing screen
392  DF  .~.~ For comparison with master or desired configuration
393  DF  .~.~.~ Having master or desired configuration projection
394  DF  .~ With comparison to master, desired shape, or reference voltage
395  DF  .~ With relatively movable optical grids
396  DF  .~ With scale or optical grid displaced relative to remote fiducial mark
397  DF  .~ With object being compared and scale superimposed
398  DF  .~ With object being compared and light beam moved relative to each other (e.g., scanning)
399  DF  BY ALIGNMENT IN LATERAL DIRECTION
400  DF  .~ With light detector (e.g., photocell)
401  DF  .~ With registration indicia (e.g., scale)
402  DF  BY SHADE OR COLOR
403  DF  .~ With merging colors or patterns (e.g., Maxwell disc)
404  DF  .~ Photography
405  DF  .~ Tristimulus examination
406  DF  .~ Trichromatic examination
407  DF  .~ With sample responsive to plural colors applied simultaneously
408  DF  .~ With sequential comparison of sample and standard
409  DF  .~ Fluid color transmission examination
410  DF  .~.~ Of flowing liquids
411  DF  .~.~.~ With plural light detectors (e.g., photocells)
412  DF  .~.~ With ionic determination
413  DF  .~.~ With variable light path length
414  DF  .~.~ With color transmitting filter
415  DF  .~.~.~ Including liquid filter comparison
416  DF  .~ With color transmitting filter
417  DF  .~.~ Included with sample excitation
418  DF  .~.~ Including rotating sequential filters
419  DF  .~.~ Including multicolor filters
420  DF  .~.~ Included with colored light sources
421  DF  .~ With reflective multicolor chart or standard
422  DF  .~.~ Plate
423  DF  .~.~.~ Disk
424  DF  .~.~ Drum or endless tape
425  DF  .~ With color determination by light intensity comparison
426  DF  BY INSPECTION WITH AGITATION OR ROTATION
427  DF  .~ Of container contents
428  DF  .~ Of containers
429  DF  BY MONITORING OF WEBS OR THREAD
430  DF  .~ For flaws or imperfections
431  DF  .~.~ Including transverse scanning
432  DF  FOR LIGHT TRANSMISSION OR ABSORPTION
433  DF  .~ By comparison
434  DF  .~.~ Photoelectric (e.g., sequential viewing)
435  DF  .~.~.~ With plural detectors (e.g., simultaneous viewing)
436  DF  .~ Of fluent material
437  DF  .~.~ Gas
438  DF  .~.~.~ Exhaust, dust or smoke
439  DF  .~.~.~.~ Contained
440  DF  .~.~ With significant sample holder or supply
441  DF  .~.~ Having particles suspended in liquid
442  DF  .~.~.~ With light detector
443  DF  .~ Of photographic film
444  DF  .~.~ With scanning, sweeping, or moving detector over film
445  DF  OF LIGHT REFLECTION (E.G., GLASS)
446  DF  .~ With diffusion
447  DF  .~ With modulation (e.g., flicker beam)
448  DF  .~ By comparison
213  DF  PHOTOMETERS
214  DF  .~ Pupillary
215  DF  .~ Integrating
216  DF  .~ Heat absorbing (e.g., radiometers)
217  DF  .~ Modulating (e.g., flicker beam)
218  DF  .~ Photoelectric
219  DF  .~.~ Simultaneous sighting and reading measurement
220  DF  .~.~ Multiple housings
221  DF  .~.~ Responsive to incident or back lighting
222  DF  .~.~ Plural detectors
223  DF  .~.~ Logarithmic
224  DF  .~.~ Multisensitivity range
225  DF  .~.~ With predetector light modifier (e.g., diaphragm)
226  DF  .~.~ Detector and indicator electrical coupling (e.g., amplifying or attenuating)
227  DF  .~.~ With particular indicator
228  DF  .~.~.~ Movable scale (e.g., calibrating)
229  DF  .~ Comparison
230  DF  .~.~ With light standard
231  DF  .~.~.~ Variable incandescent standard
232  DF  .~.~.~ Standard movable
233  DF  .~ With variable light aperture size
234  DF  .~ Light absorbing
235  DF  .~.~ Absorber continuously variable (e.g., wedge)
236  DF  .~ Integrating spheres
237.1  DF  INSPECTION OF FLAWS OR IMPURITIES
238.1  DF  .~ Textile inspection
238.2  DF  .~.~ Elongated textile product (e.g., thread, yarn, etc.)
238.3  DF  .~.~ Detection of foreign material (e.g., trash, splinters, contaminants, etc.)
239.1  DF  .~ Transparent or translucent material
239.2  DF  .~.~ Optical element (e.g., contact lens, prism, filter, lens, etc.)
239.3  DF  .~.~ Patterned surface
239.4  DF  .~.~ Containers (e.g., bottles)
239.5  DF  .~.~.~ Detection of foreign matter on or in container
239.6  DF  .~.~.~ Of container contents
239.7  DF  .~.~ Surface condition
239.8  DF  .~.~.~ Detection of an object or particle on surface
240.1  DF  .~ Containers or enclosures (e.g., packages, cans, etc.)
241.1  DF  .~ Bore inspection (e.g., borescopes, intrascope, etc.)
241.2  DF  .~.~ Firearm bore inspection
241.3  DF  .~.~ With adjustable head
241.4  DF  .~.~ Flexible
241.5  DF  .~.~ Specific construction of distal end
241.6  DF  .~.~ Having guiding means
237.2  DF  .~ Surface condition
237.3  DF  .~.~ Detection of object or particle on surface
237.4  DF  .~.~.~ On patterned or topographical surface (e.g., wafer, mask, circuit board)
237.5  DF  .~.~ On patterned or topographical surface (e.g., wafer, mask, circuit board)
237.6  DF  .~ Having predetermined light transmission regions (e.g., holes, aperture, multiple material articles)
242.1  DF  THREAD COUNTING
243.1  DF  STANDARD
243.2  DF  .~ For fluid suspended particles
243.3  DF  .~ Flying height testers
243.4  DF  .~ Surface standard
243.5  DF  .~.~ Color
243.6  DF  .~.~ Foreign object
243.7  DF  .~.~ Texture
243.8  DF  .~.~ Light intensity
244  DF  SAMPLE, SPECIMEN, OR STANDARD HOLDER OR SUPPORT (E.G., PLATES OR SLIDES)
245  DF  .~ Cotton graders
246  DF  .~ Fluid containers (e.g., cells or cuvettes)
247  DF  FIDUCIAL INSTRUMENTS
248  DF  .~ Artificial reference
249  DF  .~.~ Liquid surface (e.g., bubble level)
250  DF  .~.~ Pendular suspension of optical element or reticle
251  DF  .~ Reticle lies outside viewing path
252  DF  .~.~ Reticle image transversely adjustable relative to optical axis
253  DF  .~ Deflection of line of sight
254  DF  .~.~ Two or more deflections
255  DF  .~.~ By reflection
256  DF  MISCELLANEOUS
*********************************
FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS
*********************************
FOR 100  DF  INSPECTION FOR FLAWS OR IMPERFECTIONS (356/237)
FOR 101  DF  .~ Cloth or thread inspection (356/238)
FOR 102  DF  .~ Passing light through a transparent or translucent article (356/239)
FOR 103  DF  .~.~ Containers (e.g., bottles) or contents (356/240)
FOR 104  DF  .~ Bore inspection (e.g., borescopes) (356/241)
FOR 105  DF  THREAD COUNTING (356/242)
FOR 106  DF  STANDARDS (356/243)
*********************************
CROSS REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
*********************************
900  DD  INTERFEROMETERS (GO1B 9/02)
901  DD  .~ Involving fiber optics or integrated optics (GO1B 9/02F)
902  DD  .~ Involving diffraction gratings (GO1B 9/02G)
903  DD  .~ Using holographic techniques (GO1B 9/021)
904  DD  MEASURING MICROSCOPES (GO1B 9/04)
905  DD  MEASURING TELESCOPES (GO1B 9/06)
906  DD  OPTICAL PROJECTION COMPARATORS, E.G., FOR PROFILE (GO1B 9/08)
907  DD  GONIOMETERS (GO1B 9/10)
908  DD  MEASURING LENGTH, WIDTH, OR THICKNESS (GO1B 11/02)
909  DD  .~ By means of tv-camera scanning (GO1B 11/02B)
910  DD  .~ By means of diode-array scanning (GO1B 11/02C)
911  DD  MEASURING THE DEFORMATION IN A SOLID, E.G., OPTICAL STRAIN GAUGE (GO1B 11/16)
912  DD  MEASURING ANGLES (GO1C 1/00)
913  DD  .~ Theodolites (GO1C 1/02)
914  DD  .~.~ Combined with cameras (GO1C 1/04)
915  DD  .~ Sextants (GO1C 1/08)
916  DD  ALTIMETERS FOR AIRCRAFT (GO1C 5/00A)
917  DD  MEASURING INCLINATION, E.G., BY CLINOMETERS, BY LEVELS (GO1C 9/00)
918  DD  PHOTOGRAMMETRY; PHOTOGRAPHIC SURVEYING (GO1C 11/00)
919  DD  .~ Picture taking arrangements specially adapted for photogrammetry or photographic surveying, e.g., controlling overlapping of pictures (GO1C 11/02)
920  DD  .~.~ By scanning the object (GO1C 11/02A)
921  DD  .~ Interpretation of pictures (GO1C 11/04)
922  DD  PHOTOMETRY, E.G., PHOTOGRAPHIC EXPOSURE METER (GO1J 11/04)
923  DD  RADIATION PYROMETRY (GOLJ 5/00)
924  DD  MEASURING VELOCITY OF LIGHT (GOLJ 7/00)
925  DD  MEASURING OPTICAL PHASE DIFFERENCE: MEASURING OPTICAL WAVELENGTH (GO1J 9/00)
926  DD  MEASURING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIVIDUAL OPTICAL PULSES OR OF OPTICAL PULSE TRAINS (GO1J 11/00)
927  DD  MEASURING VARIATIONS OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL WHEN IT IS STRESSED, E.G., BY PHOTOELASTIC STRESS ANALYSIS USING INFRA-RED, VISIBLE LIGHT, ULTRA-VIOLET (GO1L 1/24)
928  DD  INVESTIGATING OR ANALYZING MATERIALS BY THE USE OF OPTICAL MEANS, I.E., USING INFRA-RED, VISIBLE, OR ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT (GO1N 21/00)
929  DD  .~ Arrangements, or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation (GO1N 21/01)
930  DD  .~.~ Cuvette constructions (GO1N 21/03)
931  DD  .~ Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of material investigated (GO1N 21/17)
932  DD  .~.~ With opto-acoustic detection, e.g., for gases or analyzing solids (GO1N 21/17B)
933  DD  .~.~ With calorimetric detection, e.g., with thermal lens detection (GO1N 21/17C)
934  DD  .~.~ With modulation of one or more physical properties of the sample during optical investigation, e.g., Electra reflectance (GO1N 21/17M)
935  DD  .~.~ Dichroism (GO1N 21/19)
936  DD  .~.~ Polarization-affecting properties (GO1N 21/21)
937  DD  .~.~.~ Ellipsometry (GO1N 21/21B)
938  DD  .~.~.~ Bi-refringence (GO1N 21/23)
939  DD  .~.~ Color; spectral properties, i,e., comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands (GO1N 21/25)
940  DD  .~.~.~ Colorimeters (GO1N 21/25B)
941  DD  .~.~.~.~ For batch operation, i.e., multi-sample apparatus (GO1N 21/25B2)
942  DD  .~.~.~ Arrangements using two alternating lights and one detector (GO1N 21/25D)
943  DD  .~.~.~ Using photo-electric detection (GO1N 21/27)
944  DD  .~.~.~.~ For following a reaction, e.g., for determining photometrically a reaction rate (GO1N 21/27C)
945  DD  .~.~.~ Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g., atomic absorption spectrometry (GO1N 21/31)
946  DD  .~.~ Holographic interferometry (GO1N 21/45B)
947  DD  .~.~ Scattering, i.e., diffuse reflection (GO1N 21/47F)
948  DD  .~ Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light (GO1N 21/62)
949  DD  .~.~ Optically excited (GO1N 21/63)
950  DD  .~.~.~ Using photolysis and investigating photolyzed fragments (GO1N 21/63C)
951  DD  .~.~.~ Florescence; Phosphorescence (GO1N 21/64)
952  DD  .~.~.~ Raman scattering (GO1N 21/65)
953  DD  .~ Probe photometers (GO1N 21/85B)
954  DD  .~ Scan or image signal processing arrangements specially adapted for investigating the presence of flaws or contaminates, e.g., for scan signal adjustments, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures (GO1N 21/88)
955  DD  MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED UTILIZING DEVICES CHARACTERIZED BY THE USE OF OPTICAL MEANS, E.G., USING INFRA-RED, VISIBLE, OR ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT (GO1P 3/36)
956  DD  .~ Using a ring laser (GO1P 3/36B)
957  DD  .~ Using diffraction of light (GO1P 3/36C)
958  DD  .~ Using photographic means (GO1P 3/38)