US Patent Class 359
OPTICS: SYSTEMS (INCLUDING COMMUNICATION) AND ELEMENTS




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Current as of: June, 1999
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  DF  CLASS NOTES
1  DF  HOLOGRAPHIC SYSTEM OR ELEMENT
2  DF  .~ Authentication
3  DF  .~ Having particular recording medium
4  DF  .~.~ Recyclable
5  DF  .~.~.~ Magnetic material
6  DF  .~.~.~ Sandwich having photoconductor
7  DF  .~.~.~ Crystalline material
8  DF  .~.~ Having nonplanar recording medium surface
9  DF  .~ For synthetically generating a hologram
10  DF  .~ Using modulated or plural reference beams
11  DF  .~.~ Spatial, phase or amplitude modulation
12  DF  .~ Copying by holographic means
13  DF  .~ Head up display
14  DF  .~.~ Holograph on curved substrate
15  DF  .~ Using a hologram as an optical element
16  DF  .~.~ With aberration correction
17  DF  .~.~ Scanner
18  DF  .~.~.~ Flat rotating disk
19  DF  .~.~ Lens
20  DF  .~.~.~ Multiple point hologram (e.g., fly-eye lens, etc.)
21  DF  .~ Having defined page composer
22  DF  .~ For producing or reconstructing images from multiple holograms (e.g., color, etc.)
23  DF  .~.~ Holographic stereogram
24  DF  .~.~ Superimposed holograms only
25  DF  .~.~ Discrete hologram only
26  DF  .~.~.~ Sequential frames on moving film
27  DF  .~ Having particular laser source
28  DF  .~ Having multiple object beam or diffuse object illumination
29  DF  .~ Fourier transform holography
30  DF  .~ Having optical element between object and recording medium
31  DF  .~.~ Focused image holography
32  DF  .~ For reconstructing image
33  DF  .~.~ Real image
34  DF  .~ With optical waveguide
35  DF  .~ Hardware for producing a hologram
107  DF  OPTICAL COMPUTING WITHOUT DIFFRACTION
108  DF  .~ Logic gate
109  DF  OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
110  DF  .~ Diagnostic testing of optical communication
111  DF  .~ Interference signal transmission or elimination (e.g., jamming or antijamming)
112  DF  .~ Eavesdropping
113  DF  .~ Duplex
114  DF  .~.~ Wavelength division
115  DF  .~ Multiplex
116  DF  .~.~ Mode
117  DF  .~.~ Spatial or switching
118  DF  .~.~ Optical local area network (LAN)
119  DF  .~.~.~ Loop
120  DF  .~.~.~ Active star
121  DF  .~.~.~ Passive star
122  DF  .~.~ Polarization
123  DF  .~.~ Time and frequency division
124  DF  .~.~ Wavelength division/frequency division (includes scattering, e.g., Raman, Brillouin, etc.)
125  DF  .~.~.~ Subscriber system
126  DF  .~.~.~.~ Optical source at only one station
127  DF  .~.~.~ By optical coupling
128  DF  .~.~.~.~ Switch
129  DF  .~.~.~.~ Prism
130  DF  .~.~.~.~ Grating
131  DF  .~.~.~.~ Lens
132  DF  .~.~.~ Single source, electrically controlled
133  DF  .~.~.~ Different sources
134  DF  .~.~.~.~ With pump
135  DF  .~.~ Time division
136  DF  .~.~.~ Multiple access (e.g., CSMA, CDMA)
137  DF  .~.~.~ Subscriber system
138  DF  .~.~.~ By specific optical element
139  DF  .~.~.~.~ Optical switch
140  DF  .~.~.~ With delay
141  DF  .~ Underwater
142  DF  .~ Remote control
143  DF  .~.~ Bidirectional (i.e., monitoring or acknowledge)
144  DF  .~.~ In industrial environment (e.g., robot control)
145  DF  .~.~ With radio link
146  DF  .~.~ With television or radio system
147  DF  .~.~ Switching
148  DF  .~.~ Plural functions
149  DF  .~ Photophone
150  DF  .~.~ Transducer, per se
151  DF  .~.~.~ With optical fiber or waveguide
152  DF  .~ Optical transceiver
153  DF  .~.~ Including compensation
154  DF  .~ Transmitter and receiver system
155  DF  .~.~ Presence detection
156  DF  .~.~ With polarization
157  DF  .~.~ One transmitter, plural receivers
158  DF  .~.~ With synchronization
159  DF  .~.~ With alignment between transmitter and receiver
160  DF  .~.~ With pumping
161  DF  .~.~ With compensation
162  DF  .~.~ With electrical oscillator
163  DF  .~.~ With optical circuit board
164  DF  .~.~ Plural stations
165  DF  .~.~.~ Address directing connections
166  DF  .~.~.~ Unidirectional or loopback
167  DF  .~.~.~ Central or master station
168  DF  .~.~ Passive system
169  DF  .~.~.~ Retroreflection
170  DF  .~.~ Retroreflection
171  DF  .~.~ Received signal supplies power distribution to diverse devices
172  DF  .~.~ Satellite communications
173  DF  .~.~ Including optical waveguide
174  DF  .~ Optical repeater system
175  DF  .~.~ Demodulating
176  DF  .~.~ Regenerative
177  DF  .~.~.~ Monitoring
178  DF  .~.~ Star
179  DF  .~.~ Including optical waveguide
180  DF  .~ Transmitter
181  DF  .~.~ With particular modulation
182  DF  .~.~.~ Frequency modulation
183  DF  .~.~.~ Phase modulation
184  DF  .~.~.~ Pulse modulation
185  DF  .~.~.~.~ Pulse-code
186  DF  .~.~.~.~ Pulse time
187  DF  .~.~ With feedback
188  DF  .~.~ Including optical waveguide
189  DF  .~ Receiver
190  DF  .~.~ Homodyne
191  DF  .~.~ Heterodyne
192  DF  .~.~.~ With polarization
193  DF  .~.~ With optical element (e.g., lens, mirror, etc.)
194  DF  .~.~ Automatic gain control
195  DF  .~.~ With optical waveguide
196  DF  DEFLECTION USING A MOVING ELEMENT OR MEDIUM (OFFSETTING OR CHANGING AT LEAST A PORTION OF THE BEAM)
197  DF  .~ Using a periodically moving element (periodic change of optically reflecting, refracting or diffracting element)
198  DF  .~.~ Particular mount or driver for element
199  DF  .~.~.~ Particular oscillating driver
200  DF  .~.~.~ Bearing or shaft for rotary driver
201  DF  .~.~ Plural moving scanning elements
202  DF  .~.~.~ X-Y scanner
203  DF  .~.~.~ Having a common axis of rotation
204  DF  .~.~ Utilizing plural light beams
205  DF  .~.~ Having particular focusing element to receive scanned light
206  DF  .~.~.~ High distortion lens (e.g., fO lens, etc.)
207  DF  .~.~.~ Anamorphic element
208  DF  .~.~.~ Concave reflector
209  DF  .~.~ Including transmissive type moving element
210  DF  .~.~.~ Having moving lens
211  DF  .~.~.~ Having moving prism
212  DF  .~.~ Including reflective type moving element
213  DF  .~.~.~ Having oscillating element
214  DF  .~.~.~.~ Single plane mirror element
215  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ With imaging lens
216  DF  .~.~.~ Having multifaceted rotating element
217  DF  .~.~.~.~ With facets parallel to rotation axis
218  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Having six, seven, or eight facets
219  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Having five or fewer facets
220  DF  .~.~.~ Having planar rotating reflector with transverse rotation axis
221  DF  .~.~.~ Having planar rotating reflector with rotation axis in its plane
222  DF  .~ By frustrated total internal reflection
223  DF  .~ By moving a reflective element
224  DF  .~.~ Reflective element moved by deformable support
225  DF  .~.~ Pivoting or moving in circular arc
226  DF  .~.~ Rotating
227  DF  LIGHT CONTROL BY OPAQUE ELEMENT OR MEDIUM MOVABLE IN OR THROUGH LIGHT PATH
228  DF  .~ Fluid
229  DF  .~ With glare or flicker elimination
230  DF  .~ Electro-mechanical
231  DF  .~.~ String or ribbon type
232  DF  .~ Slit type
233  DF  .~ With relative motion of two apertured elements
234  DF  .~ With rotating or pivoting element (e.g., scanning discs)
235  DF  .~.~ Continuously rotating apertured element
236  DF  .~.~ Element rotates about axis perpendicular to light path
237  DF  OPTICAL MODULATOR
238  DF  .~ Light wave temporal modulation (e.g., frequency, amplitude, etc.)
239  DF  .~.~ Modulator output feedback to modulator
240  DF  .~.~ Changing bulk optical parameter
241  DF  .~.~.~ By actinic radiation (e.g., photochromic)
242  DF  .~.~.~.~ Display device
243  DF  .~.~.~.~ Bistable device
244  DF  .~.~.~.~ Opto-optical device
245  DF  .~.~.~ Electro-optic
246  DF  .~.~.~.~ Modulation of polarized light via modulating input signal
247  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Using reflective or cavity structure
248  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~ Semiconductor
249  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Compensation technique
250  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Using plural mediums
251  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ With particular direction of the field in relation to the medium, beam direction or polarization
252  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ With particular medium or state of the medium
253  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~ Liquid medium
254  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ With particular electrode structure or arrangement, or medium mounting structure or arrangement
255  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ With particular field
256  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ With birefringent element
257  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Pockel's cell
258  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Kerr cell
259  DF  .~.~.~.~ Plural modulation cells
260  DF  .~.~.~.~ Etalon structure
261  DF  .~.~.~.~ Multiple reflections within cell
262  DF  .~.~.~.~ Excitation by electron beam
263  DF  .~.~.~.~ By reflection
264  DF  .~.~.~.~ Pulse modulation
265  DF  .~.~.~.~ Electrochromic
266  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Particular nonplanar electrode arrangement
267  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Reflection-type (e.g., display device)
268  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~ Complementary device
269  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~ Particular counter electrode
270  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~ Particular electrolyte layer
271  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~ Particular planar electrode pattern
272  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~ Liquid cell
273  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~ Particular electrochromic layer structure
274  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~ Diverse layer
275  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Transmission-type (e.g., windows)
276  DF  .~.~.~.~ Amplitude modulation
277  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Within display element
278  DF  .~.~.~.~ Frequency modulation
279  DF  .~.~.~.~ Phase modulation
280  DF  .~.~.~ Magneto-optic
281  DF  .~.~.~.~ Modulation of polarized light via modulating input signal
282  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Using layered structure or plural mediums
283  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ With particular direction of the field in relation to the medium, beam direction or polarization
284  DF  .~.~.~.~ Amplitude modulation
285  DF  .~.~.~ Acousto-optic
286  DF  .~.~.~.~ Amplitude modulation
287  DF  .~.~.~.~ Frequency modulation
288  DF  .~.~.~ Thermo-optic
289  DF  .~.~.~.~ Amplitude modulation
290  DF  .~.~ By changing physical characteristics (e.g., shape, size or contours) of an optical element
291  DF  .~.~.~ Shape or contour of light control surface altered
292  DF  .~.~.~.~ Light control surface forms image on projected light beam
293  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Electron beam causes surface alteration
294  DF  .~.~.~.~ Using photoconductive layer
295  DF  .~.~.~.~ Having multiple electrodes
296  DF  .~.~.~ Changing position or orientation of suspended particles
297  DF  .~.~.~ Light control surface formed or destroyed
298  DF  .~ Light wave directional modulation (e.g., deflection or scanning is representative of the modulating signal)
299  DF  .~.~ Opto-optical device
300  DF  .~.~ Phase conjugate
301  DF  .~.~ Acting on polarized light
302  DF  .~.~.~ Using reflecting or cavity structure
303  DF  .~.~.~ Using more than one polarization (e.g., digital)
304  DF  .~.~.~ Using single polarization
305  DF  .~.~ Acousto-optic
306  DF  .~.~.~ Correlation or convolution
307  DF  .~.~.~ Utilizing optical feedback
308  DF  .~.~.~ Filter
309  DF  .~.~.~ Acting on polychromatic light
310  DF  .~.~.~ Plural cell array
311  DF  .~.~.~ Plural transducers on single cell
312  DF  .~.~.~ Single transducer generating composite plural frequency acoustic wave
313  DF  .~.~.~ Particular cell shape
314  DF  .~.~.~ Particular cell orientation
315  DF  .~.~ Electro-optic
316  DF  .~.~.~ Plural modulation cells
317  DF  .~.~.~ Multiple reflections within cell
318  DF  .~.~.~ By reflection
319  DF  .~.~.~ Focusing
320  DF  .~.~.~ Switching
321  DF  .~ Having particular chemical composition or structure
322  DF  .~.~ Electro-optic crystal material
323  DF  .~.~.~ PLZT material
324  DF  .~.~ Magneto-optic crystal material
325  DF  OPTICAL DEMODULATOR
326  DF  OPTICAL FREQUENCY CONVERTER
327  DF  .~ Raman type
328  DF  .~ Harmonic generator
329  DF  .~.~ Third harmonic
330  DF  .~ Parametric oscillator
331  DF  .~ Optical laser acoustic delay line type
332  DF  .~ Dielectric optical waveguide type
333  DF  OPTICAL AMPLIFIER
334  DF  .~ Raman or Brillouin process
335  DF  .~ Free electron
336  DF  .~ Bistable
337  DF  .~ Correction of deleterious effects
338  DF  .~.~ Using phase conjugation
339  DF  .~.~ Using saturable or spatial filter
340  DF  .~ Mode locked
341  DF  .~ Optical fiber
342  DF  .~ Particular active medium (e.g., crystal, plasma, fluid, etc.)
343  DF  .~.~ Glass (amorphous)
344  DF  .~.~ Semiconductor
345  DF  .~ Particular pumping type (e.g., electrical, optical, nuclear, magnetic, etc.)
346  DF  .~ Particular resonator cavity (e.g., scanning, confocal or folded mirrors, etc.)
347  DF  .~ Multiple pass
348  DF  .~.~ Regenerative
349  DF  .~ Beam combination or separation
350  DF  HAVING SIGNIFICANT INFRARED OR ULTRAVIOLET PROPERTY
351  DF  .~ Having folded optical path
352  DF  .~ Having polarizing element
353  DF  .~ Including alternative optical path or optical element (e.g., day-night, hi-low magnification)
354  DF  .~ Including continuously variable magnification or focal length (zoom lens, adjustable lens)
355  DF  .~ Lens, lens system or component
356  DF  .~.~ Infrared lens
357  DF  .~.~.~ Having four or more components
358  DF  .~ Fluid filter or fluid mirror
359  DF  .~ Multilayer filter or multilayer reflector
360  DF  .~.~ Having metal layer
361  DF  .~ Having ultraviolet absorbing or shielding property
362  DF  COMPOUND LENS SYSTEM
363  DF  .~ With image recorder
364  DF  .~ With curved reflective imaging element
365  DF  .~.~ Two or more in a series
366  DF  .~.~.~ Concave, convex combination
367  DF  .~ Right angle inspector
368  DF  .~ Microscope
369  DF  .~.~ With viewed screen
370  DF  .~.~ Interference
371  DF  .~.~.~ Using polarized light
372  DF  .~.~ With plural optical axes
373  DF  .~.~.~ Side-by-side fields
374  DF  .~.~.~ Plural oculars
375  DF  .~.~.~.~ Binocular
376  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Stereoscopic
377  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~ With single or parallel objectives
378  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~.~ For viewing stereo pairs
379  DF  .~.~ Spacing of optical elements axially adjustable
380  DF  .~.~.~ Variable magnification
381  DF  .~.~ Imaging elements movable in and out of optical axis
382  DF  .~.~ Entire microscope adjustable along optical axis
383  DF  .~.~.~ Focus adjustment
384  DF  .~.~ With rotatable adjustment
385  DF  .~.~ Illuminator
386  DF  .~.~.~ Using polarized light
387  DF  .~.~.~ With annular lighting structure
388  DF  .~.~.~ With optical switching means
389  DF  .~.~.~ With illumination and viewing paths coaxial at the image field
390  DF  .~.~.~ With illuminator support
391  DF  .~.~ Stage or slide carrier
392  DF  .~.~.~ Adjustable along optical axis
393  DF  .~.~.~ With plural transverse movements
394  DF  .~.~.~ With turntable
395  DF  .~.~.~ With temperature control
396  DF  .~.~ Transparent slide
397  DF  .~.~.~ Reference lines or grids
398  DF  .~.~.~ Specimen cavity or chamber
399  DF  .~ Telescope
400  DF  .~.~ With viewed screen
401  DF  .~.~ With image anti-rotation
402  DF  .~.~ Periscope
403  DF  .~.~.~ With plural optical axes
404  DF  .~.~.~.~ Binocular
405  DF  .~.~.~ With mechanical adjustment
406  DF  .~.~.~.~ Extensible structure
407  DF  .~.~ Binocular
408  DF  .~.~.~ Foldable or collapsible
409  DF  .~.~.~ Body supported or with handle
410  DF  .~.~.~.~ With focusing means
411  DF  .~.~.~.~ With adjustable interocular distance
412  DF  .~.~.~ With adjustable interocular distance
413  DF  .~.~.~.~ Oculars swing about central axis
414  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Spacing of optical elements axially adjustable
415  DF  .~.~.~.~ Oculars rotate about separate axes
416  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Spacing of optical elements axially adjustable
417  DF  .~.~.~.~ Spacing of optical elements axially adjustable
418  DF  .~.~.~ Spacing of optical elements axially adjustable
419  DF  .~.~ With plural optical axes
420  DF  .~.~.~ Plural magnification in same viewing field
421  DF  .~.~ Selectable magnification
422  DF  .~.~ Variable magnification
423  DF  .~.~ With relay
424  DF  .~.~.~ With reticle
425  DF  .~.~ Focusing or relatively sliding barrels
426  DF  .~.~.~ Internal focusing
427  DF  .~.~.~ With reticle
428  DF  .~.~ With reticle
429  DF  .~.~ With line of sight adjustment
430  DF  .~.~.~ Equatorial mount
431  DF  .~.~ With prism or U-shaped optical path
432  DF  .~ Variable magnification
433  DF  .~ With tilted lens or tilted image plane
434  DF  .~ With relay
435  DF  .~.~ Repetitious lens structure
436  DF  SCALE OR INDICIA READING
437  DF  .~ Polarizer
438  DF  .~ Prism
439  DF  .~ Mirror
440  DF  .~ Lens
441  DF  .~.~ Movable or adjustable
442  DF  .~.~.~ Along scale or indicia
443  DF  PROJECTION SCREEN
444  DF  .~ With sound producer
445  DF  .~ Acoustical
446  DF  .~ Moving during projection
447  DF  .~ Tracing (e.g., camera lucida, etc.)
448  DF  .~ With lens (e.g., camera obscura, etc.)
449  DF  .~ With reflector or additional screen
450  DF  .~ Border, mask, shade, or curtain
451  DF  .~ Curved
452  DF  .~ Embedded particles
453  DF  .~.~ Rear projection screen
454  DF  .~ Unitary sheet comprising plural refracting areas
455  DF  .~.~ Lenticular
456  DF  .~.~.~ Rear projection screen
457  DF  .~.~.~.~ With Fresnel lens
458  DF  .~.~.~ Stereoscopic imaging or three dimensional imaging
459  DF  .~ Unitary sheet comprising plural reflecting areas
460  DF  .~ Rear projection screen
461  DF  .~ Roll up screen
462  DF  STEREOSCOPIC
463  DF  .~ Having record with lenticular surface
464  DF  .~ With right and left channel discriminator (e.g., polarized or colored light)
465  DF  .~.~ Using polarized light
466  DF  .~ Stereo-viewers
467  DF  .~.~ View changers
468  DF  .~.~.~ Picture moves linearly past viewing aperture
469  DF  .~.~.~.~ Using film strips
470  DF  .~.~ Compensates for camera position (e.g., plotting or mapping type)
471  DF  .~.~ Reflected line of sight
472  DF  .~.~.~ Pictures offset, transposed or have respective right or left sides adjacent
473  DF  .~.~ Ocular spacing or angle between ocular axes adjustable
474  DF  .~.~ Collapsible
475  DF  .~.~ Having illumination
476  DF  .~.~ Ocular to picture distance adjustable
477  DF  .~.~ Supporting, mounting, enclosing or light shielding structure
478  DF  RELIEF ILLUSION
479  DF  .~ Reflected line of sight
480  DF  BINOCULAR DEVICES
481  DF  .~ Binocular loupe type
482  DF  .~ Reflected line of sight
483  DF  POLARIZATION WITHOUT MODULATION
484  DF  .~ Time invariant electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic field responsive (e.g., electro-optical, magneto-optical)
485  DF  .~ Light polarization without any external input
486  DF  .~.~ By grid or dipoles
487  DF  .~.~ By reflection or refraction (e.g., Brewster angle)
488  DF  .~.~.~ With particular medium
489  DF  .~.~ Polarization (direction or magnitude) varies over surface of the medium (e.g., vectograph)
490  DF  .~.~ By dichroic medium
491  DF  .~.~.~ Stain or dye
492  DF  .~.~.~ Oriented particles
493  DF  .~.~ Glare prevention by discriminating against polarized light
494  DF  .~.~ By birefringent element
495  DF  .~.~.~ For beam deflection or splitting
496  DF  .~.~.~ Prisms
497  DF  .~.~.~ Using plural elements
498  DF  .~.~.~.~ Frequency filter or interference effects
499  DF  .~.~.~.~ Using compensation techniques
500  DF  .~.~.~ With particular material or mounting structure
501  DF  .~.~ By relatively adjustable superimposed or in series polarizers
502  DF  .~.~ With color filter
503  DF  EXTENDED SPACING STRUCTURE FOR OPTICAL ELEMENTS
504  DF  .~ Wide angle (e.g., door peep)
505  DF  .~ With screen or reticle in real image plane
506  DF  .~ Extension of tubular element adjustable
507  DF  PROTECTION FROM MOISTURE OR FOREIGN PARTICLE
508  DF  .~ Optical element rotates
509  DF  .~ Fluid directed across optical element
510  DF  .~ Microscope drape
511  DF  .~ Cap or cover
512  DF  .~ Humidity or temperature control
513  DF  .~ Sealing
514  DF  .~.~ Mirror, prism or signal reflector
515  DF  SIGNAL REFLECTOR
516  DF  .~ Body carried
517  DF  .~.~ Worn by hand or wrist
518  DF  .~.~ Permanently fixed to clothing
519  DF  .~.~ Worn over clothing
520  DF  .~ Moving
521  DF  .~.~ Pedal mounted
522  DF  .~.~ Rotating
523  DF  .~.~.~ Spoke mounted
524  DF  .~.~.~ Tire, wheel, valve stem, hub cap, or axle mounted
525  DF  .~.~.~ Wind driven
526  DF  .~.~ Vibration
527  DF  .~ For a signal source remote from observer
528  DF  .~ Light transmitting from source behind a reflector
529  DF  .~ 3-Corner retroreflective (i.e., cube corner, trihedral, or triple reflector type)
530  DF  .~.~ Unitary plate or sheet comprising plural reflecting elements
531  DF  .~.~.~ Mounted on roadway
532  DF  .~.~.~ Mounted adjacent roadway
533  DF  .~.~.~ Mounted on vehicle
534  DF  .~ Including a curved refracting surface
535  DF  .~.~ Within individual indentations
536  DF  .~.~ Minute transparent spheres
537  DF  .~.~.~ Directional reflection (e.g., prevent viewing unless critical angle of light is used)
538  DF  .~.~.~ On flexible substrate (e.g., flexible sheeting, bumper sticker, etc.)
539  DF  .~.~.~ Mixture in liquid binder (e.g., paint, resin)
540  DF  .~.~.~ Placed on top of binder (e.g., resin, asphalt, glue, etc.)
541  DF  .~.~.~.~ With single transparent coating between spheres and atmosphere
542  DF  .~.~ Plural refracting elements formed as a unitary mass
543  DF  .~.~ With individual reflector element mount
544  DF  .~.~.~ Including a snap, spring clip, or spring retainer
545  DF  .~.~.~ Including a threaded member
546  DF  .~ Discrete reflecting elements formed as a unitary mass
547  DF  .~.~ Mounted on or adjacent roadway
548  DF  .~.~ Mounted on vehicle
549  DF  .~ Rigidly mounted on vehicle
550  DF  .~.~ Bicycle or motorcycle
551  DF  .~ Mounted on roadway
552  DF  .~ Mounted adjacent roadway
553  DF  .~ Emergency or temporary reflectors (i.e., portable self standing)
554  DF  IMAGE STABILIZATION
555  DF  .~ By movable reflective structure
556  DF  .~.~ Having plural reflecting surfaces
557  DF  .~ By movable refractive structure
558  DF  DIFFRACTION
559  DF  .~ Using Fourier transform spatial filtering
560  DF  .~.~ For convolution (cross-correlation)
561  DF  .~.~ For correlation
562  DF  .~.~ For changing zeroth order intensity
563  DF  .~.~ With diffraction grating
564  DF  .~.~ With photographic media
565  DF  .~ From zone plate
566  DF  .~ From grating
567  DF  .~.~ For ornamental effect or display
568  DF  .~.~ For diffractive subtractive filtering
569  DF  .~.~ Including particular grating characteristic
570  DF  .~.~.~ Nonplanar grating substrate (e.g., concave)
571  DF  .~.~.~ Echelette or blazed grating
572  DF  .~.~.~ Reflection grating (e.g., retrodirective)
573  DF  .~.~.~ Variable grating
574  DF  .~.~.~ With curved or geometrically shaped corrugation
575  DF  .~.~.~ With nonuniform corrugation width, spacing, or depth
576  DF  .~.~.~ Laminated or layered
577  DF  LIGHT INTERFERENCE
578  DF  .~ Electrically or mechanically variable (e.g., tunable, adjustable)
579  DF  .~.~ By nonmovable driving element (e.g., piezoelectric, magnetostrictive)
580  DF  .~ Produced by coating or lamina
581  DF  .~.~ By transmissive coating on lens
582  DF  .~.~ Layer having specified nonoptical property
583  DF  .~.~ Beam splitter or combiner
584  DF  .~.~ Reflector
585  DF  .~.~ Including metal or conductive layer
586  DF  .~.~ Layers having specified index of refraction
587  DF  .~.~.~ Plural layer groups lateral in parallel light paths
588  DF  .~.~.~ Filter having four or more layers
589  DF  .~.~ Selective wavelength transmission or reflection
590  DF  .~.~.~ Having another filter
591  DF  BUILDING INTERIOR ILLUMINATION WITH REFLECTED, REFRACTED OR PREDETERMINED ANGLE OF ENTRANCE OF OUTSIDE LIGHT
592  DF  .~ Unitary light transmitting member comprising plural reflecting or refracting elements
593  DF  .~.~ Plural members in series
594  DF  .~.~ Elements on two sides of member
595  DF  .~.~ With internal reflections
596  DF  .~ Slats or strips
597  DF  .~ With reflection
598  DF  .~.~ Internal reflection in single optical element
599  DF  DIFFUSING OF INCIDENT LIGHT
600  DF  BARREL END EYE GUARD (E.G., SHIELD OR CUSHION, ETC.)
601  DF  GLARE OR UNWANTED LIGHT REDUCTION
602  DF  .~ With mirror (e.g., mirror with glare screen, etc.)
603  DF  .~.~ Anti-glare mirror
604  DF  .~.~.~ Adjustable
605  DF  .~.~.~.~ Plural reflecting surfaces
606  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Prismoidal
607  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Reversible
608  DF  .~.~.~.~ Translucent or other semitransmitting panel selectively positioned in front of mirror
609  DF  .~ Display window
610  DF  .~ With blind for nonviewing eye
611  DF  .~ Barrel end or lens mount shade
612  DF  .~.~ Collapsible or foldable
613  DF  .~ Directional or angular discrimination
614  DF  .~ With absorption means
615  DF  LIGHT DISPERSION
616  DF  KALEIDOSCOPE
617  DF  .~ Including particles loosely housed for agitation
618  DF  SINGLE CHANNEL SIMULTANEOUSLY TO OR FROM PLURAL CHANNELS (E.G., LIGHT DIVIDING, COMBINING, OR PLURAL IMAGE FORMING, ETC.)
619  DF  .~ By surface composed of lenticular elements
620  DF  .~.~ Having particular composition
621  DF  .~.~ Plural lenticular plates
622  DF  .~.~.~ Serially disposed along optic axis
623  DF  .~.~.~.~ Cylindrical lenslets
624  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Having crossed axes
625  DF  .~.~ Focusing or defocusing by noncurved surfaces (e.g., prismatic, etc.)
626  DF  .~.~ Particular focusing or defocusing characteristic
627  DF  .~.~ Reflective
628  DF  .~.~ Noncircular cross section
629  DF  .~ By partial reflection at beam splitting or combining surface
630  DF  .~.~ Superimposing visual information on observer's field of view (e.g., head-up arrangement, etc.)
631  DF  .~.~.~ Including curved reflector
632  DF  .~.~.~ Rotatable heads-up device or combiner
633  DF  .~.~.~ With additional reflector (e.g., serial reflections, etc.)
634  DF  .~.~ Wavelength selective (e.g., dichroic mirror, etc.)
635  DF  .~.~ Drawing or plotting aid
636  DF  .~.~ Including full reflection and transmission of a beam at different portions of a beam divider
637  DF  .~.~ With path length or aberration correcting element
638  DF  .~.~ With partial reflection at a surface of a prism
639  DF  .~ By refraction at beam splitting or combining surface
640  DF  .~.~ Including prismatic element
641  DF  COLLIMATING OF LIGHT BEAM
642  DF  LENS
643  DF  .~ Eyepiece
644  DF  .~.~ Having four components
645  DF  .~.~ Having three components
646  DF  .~.~ Having two components
647  DF  .~.~ Having one component
648  DF  .~ With field curvature shaping
649  DF  .~.~ Projection type
650  DF  .~.~.~ Having four components
651  DF  .~.~.~ Having less than four components
652  DF  .~ With graded refractive index
653  DF  .~.~ Having an axial gradient
654  DF  .~.~ Having a radial gradient
655  DF  .~.~.~ In a variable media (e.g., gas, elastomer, etc.)
656  DF  .~ Microscope objective
657  DF  .~.~ Having seven components
658  DF  .~.~ Having six components
659  DF  .~.~ Having five components
660  DF  .~.~ Having four components
661  DF  .~.~ Having less than four components
662  DF  .~ High distortion lens (e.g., f0, etc.)
663  DF  .~ Telecentric system
664  DF  .~ Spherical
665  DF  .~ Fluid
666  DF  .~.~ With variable magnification
667  DF  .~.~ With gas
668  DF  .~ Anamorphic
669  DF  .~.~ With prism anamorphoser
670  DF  .~.~ Variable magnification anamorphoser
671  DF  .~.~ Having four or more components
672  DF  .~ Selective magnification by exchanging or adding a lens component
673  DF  .~.~ To the front of a basic lens
674  DF  .~.~ To the middle of a basic lens
675  DF  .~.~ To the rear of a basic lens
676  DF  .~ With variable magnification (e.g., zoom type )
677  DF  .~.~ Optically compensated
678  DF  .~.~ Prism lens type
679  DF  .~.~ With fixed conjugates
680  DF  .~.~ Reverse telephoto
681  DF  .~.~.~ Having eight or nine components
682  DF  .~.~.~ Having seven or less components
683  DF  .~.~ With mechanical compensation
684  DF  .~.~.~ Other than first group moves for focusing (internal focus type)
685  DF  .~.~.~ Nonlinear variator/compensator movements
686  DF  .~.~.~ Four groups
687  DF  .~.~.~.~ + - + + Arrangement
688  DF  .~.~.~.~ + - - + Arrangement
689  DF  .~.~.~ Three groups
690  DF  .~.~.~.~ + - + Arrangement
691  DF  .~.~.~ Two groups
692  DF  .~.~.~.~ + - Arrangement
693  DF  .~.~.~ With macro-type focusing
694  DF  .~.~ Adjusting mechanism
695  DF  .~.~.~ Three or more movable lens groups
696  DF  .~.~.~ Motor driven
697  DF  .~.~.~.~ Condition responsive
698  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Auto focusing
699  DF  .~.~.~ Having cam device
700  DF  .~.~.~.~ Cam groove type
701  DF  .~.~.~.~ Cam ring type or zoom ring type
702  DF  .~.~.~ With adjustment lock
703  DF  .~.~.~ With specified mount
704  DF  .~.~.~.~ Having detail of barrel
705  DF  .~.~.~ With macro type focusing
706  DF  .~.~.~.~ With specific ring means
707  DF  .~ Diffusing
708  DF  .~ Including a nonspherical surface
709  DF  .~.~ Conical
710  DF  .~.~ Cylindrical
711  DF  .~.~ Toroidal
712  DF  .~.~ Paraboloidal
713  DF  .~.~ Having six components
714  DF  .~.~ Having five components
715  DF  .~.~ Having four components
716  DF  .~.~ Having three components
717  DF  .~.~ Having two components
718  DF  .~.~ Having one component
719  DF  .~.~.~ Objective for laser (e.g., optical disc, etc.)
720  DF  .~ Asymmetric (e.g., prismatic or eccentric, etc.)
721  DF  .~ Plural focal length
722  DF  .~ Selective wavelength transmitting or blocking
723  DF  .~.~ With separate filter
724  DF  .~ Annular zonal correcting
725  DF  .~ Panoramic
726  DF  .~ With reflecting element
727  DF  .~.~ Including concave or convex reflecting surface
728  DF  .~.~.~ With aspheric surface (e.g., Schmidt lens, etc.)
729  DF  .~.~.~.~ With concave and convex reflectors in series
730  DF  .~.~.~ Reflectors in series
731  DF  .~.~.~.~ With concave and convex reflectors in series
732  DF  .~.~ For producing a double pass
733  DF  .~.~ Multiple component lenses
734  DF  .~.~.~ Four components
735  DF  .~.~.~ Three components
736  DF  .~.~.~ Two components
737  DF  .~ With diverse refracting element
738  DF  .~ With light limiting or controlling means
739  DF  .~.~ Diaphragm
740  DF  .~.~.~ Between lens components
741  DF  .~ With multipart element
742  DF  .~.~ Echelon (e.g., Fresnel lens, etc.)
743  DF  .~.~.~ Having curvilinear lens
744  DF  .~ Afocal (e.g., Galilean telescopes, etc.)
745  DF  .~ Telephoto
746  DF  .~.~ With five components
747  DF  .~.~ With four components
748  DF  .~.~ With less than four components
749  DF  .~ Reverse telephoto
750  DF  .~.~ With eight components
751  DF  .~.~ With seven components
752  DF  .~.~ With six components
753  DF  .~.~ With five or less components
754  DF  .~ Multiple component lenses
755  DF  .~.~ Seven components
756  DF  .~.~ Six components
757  DF  .~.~.~ First component positive
758  DF  .~.~.~.~ + - + + - + Arrangement
759  DF  .~.~.~.~ First two components positive
760  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ + + - - + + Arrangement
761  DF  .~.~.~ First component negative
762  DF  .~.~.~.~ First two components negative
763  DF  .~.~ Five components
764  DF  .~.~.~ First component positive
765  DF  .~.~.~.~ + - - + + Arrangement
766  DF  .~.~.~.~ + - + - + Arrangement
767  DF  .~.~.~.~ First two components positive
768  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ + + - - + Arrangement
769  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ + + - + + Arrangement
770  DF  .~.~.~ First component negative
771  DF  .~.~ Four components
772  DF  .~.~.~ First component positive
773  DF  .~.~.~.~ + - + - Arrangement
774  DF  .~.~.~.~ + - + + Arrangement
775  DF  .~.~.~.~ + - - + Arrangement
776  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ With multiple element component
777  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~ Infinite radius
778  DF  .~.~.~.~.~.~ Having a biconvex single element component
779  DF  .~.~.~.~ + + - + Arrangement
780  DF  .~.~.~.~ + + + - Arrangement
781  DF  .~.~.~ First component negative
782  DF  .~.~.~.~ - + + - Arrangement
783  DF  .~.~.~.~ - + + + Arrangement
784  DF  .~.~ Three components
785  DF  .~.~.~ + - + Arrangement
786  DF  .~.~.~.~ With multiple element first component
787  DF  .~.~.~.~ With multiple element second component
788  DF  .~.~.~.~ With multiple element third component
789  DF  .~.~.~.~ With first component biconvex
790  DF  .~.~.~.~ With third component biconvex
791  DF  .~.~.~ + + - Arrangement
792  DF  .~.~.~ + + + Arrangement
793  DF  .~.~ Two components
794  DF  .~.~.~ + + Arrangement
795  DF  .~.~.~ + - Arrangement
796  DF  .~ Single component with multiple elements
797  DF  .~.~ Three or more elements
798  DF  .~ With viewed object or viewed field illumination
799  DF  .~.~ Illuminating beam coaxial with lens axis
800  DF  .~.~ Illumination through lens
801  DF  .~.~ With viewed object support
802  DF  .~.~ Magnifier
803  DF  .~.~.~ Hand held
804  DF  .~ With viewed object support
805  DF  .~.~ On lens supporting handle
806  DF  .~.~ Relatively movable informatory sheet and lens (e.g., reading machine, etc.)
807  DF  .~.~ Flat opaque document or picture
808  DF  .~ With lens casing
809  DF  .~ Combined with diverse art tool, instrument or machine
810  DF  .~.~ Operation viewed through lens
811  DF  .~ With support
812  DF  .~.~ With additional handle
813  DF  .~.~ Lens movable in its plane
814  DF  .~.~.~ Electromagnetic motive power
815  DF  .~.~ Body or apparel attached or carried
816  DF  .~.~.~ Monocular loupe type
817  DF  .~.~ Foldable or collapsible
818  DF  .~.~ With clamp or grip
819  DF  .~.~ Lens mounts
820  DF  .~.~.~ With temperature compensation or control
821  DF  .~.~.~ Plural lenses in common carrier selectively operable (e.g., turret type, etc.)
822  DF  .~.~.~ Adjustable
823  DF  .~.~.~.~ With axial adjustment (e.g., adjustable focus, etc.)
824  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Electromagnetic or piezoelectric drive
825  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Focusing ring
826  DF  .~.~.~.~.~ Sliding barrels
827  DF  .~.~.~ Detachably attached (e.g., plate, barrel, etc.)
828  DF  .~.~.~.~ Bayonet coupling
829  DF  .~.~.~ With threads
830  DF  .~.~.~ With ring
831  DF  PRISM (INCLUDING MOUNT)
832  DF  .~ Fluid filled
833  DF  .~ With reflecting surface
834  DF  .~.~ Plural reflecting surfaces
835  DF  .~.~.~ For binocular or porro-prism
836  DF  .~.~.~ Roof or roof-angle
837  DF  .~ With refracting surface
838  DF  MIRROR
839  DF  .~ With a transmitting property
840  DF  .~ Back to back
841  DF  .~ Retractable vehicle mirror
842  DF  .~ Mounted on vehicle having handlebars (e.g., bicycle, motorcycle, etc.)
843  DF  .~ Automatically adjustable in response to vehicle position, control, or indicator
844  DF  .~ On adjustable diverse vehicle portion or accessory
845  DF  .~ Fluid cooled mirror
846  DF  .~ Including specified control or retention of the shape of a mirror surface
847  DF  .~.~ Membrane mirror in mechanical contact only at its edge
848  DF  .~.~ With structure to minimize internal mirror stress
849  DF  .~.~ Including a plurality of adjustable mirror supports
850  DF  .~ Plural mirrors or reflecting surfaces
851  DF  .~.~ Composite or echelon mirrors or light concentrating array
852  DF  .~.~.~ With a line focus
853  DF  .~.~.~ Light concentrating (e.g., heliostat, etc.), concave, or paraboloidal structure
854  DF  .~.~ Identical side mirrors adjustable with respect to a central mirror
855  DF  .~.~ Identical adjacent mirrors identically supported
856  DF  .~.~.~ With successive reflections
857  DF  .~.~ With successive reflections
858  DF  .~.~.~ Including curved mirror surfaces in series
859  DF  .~.~.~.~ With concave and convex mirrors in series
860  DF  .~.~.~ To view observer
861  DF  .~.~.~ With three or more successive reflections
862  DF  .~.~.~ Including an adjustable mirror
863  DF  .~.~.~.~ Including a curved mirror
864  DF  .~.~ Including adjacent plane and curved mirrors
865  DF  .~.~ Relatively adjustable
866  DF  .~.~ Wide angle segmented mirrors
867  DF  .~ Concave cylindrical or providing a line focus
868  DF  .~ With mirror surface of varied radius
869  DF  .~.~ Concave
870  DF  .~ Fracture resistant (e.g., shatterproof, etc.)
871  DF  .~ With support
872  DF  .~.~ Mirror movable relative to support
873  DF  .~.~.~ With rotary to linear motion converting mirror adjustment
874  DF  .~.~.~.~ With rotation of mirror about perpendicular axes
875  DF  .~.~.~ With a rigid handle extending to or near a mirror pivot
876  DF  .~.~.~ With rotation of mirror about perpendicular axes
877  DF  .~.~.~ With switch or motor controlling mirror movement
878  DF  .~.~.~.~ Fluid pressure actuated
879  DF  .~.~.~ Body or apparel mirror support
880  DF  .~.~.~.~ Having support or apparel engaging head or neck
881  DF  .~.~.~ With mirror supporting column or sliding adjustment
882  DF  .~.~ With handle
883  DF  .~.~ Laminated or layered mirror support
884  DF  .~ With selective absorption or transparent overcoating
885  DF  ABSORPTION FILTER
886  DF  .~ Fluid
887  DF  .~ Sequentially additive
888  DF  .~ Neutral or graded density
889  DF  .~ Movable in or out of optical path
890  DF  .~ Superimposed or series
891  DF  .~ Filters in optical parallel (e.g., colors side-by-side, etc.)
892  DF  .~ With support or frame
893  DF  SCREEN (E.G., HALFTONE SCREEN, ETC.)
894  DF  OPTICAL APERTURE OR TUBE, OR TRANSPARENT CLOSURE
895  DF  .~ Submerged object viewer
896  DF  MISCELLANEOUS
******************************
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
******************************
900  DF  METHODS
901  DF  ACOUSTIC HOLOGRAPHY
902  DF  HOLOGRAPHIC INTERFEROMETER
903  DF  WITH MAGNET
******************************