US PATENT SUBCLASS 62 / 532
.~ Fractionally solidifying a constituent and separating the same

Current as of: June, 1999
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62 /   HD   REFRIGERATION

56  DF  PROCESSES {28}
532.~ Fractionally solidifying a constituent and separating the same {8}
533  DF  .~.~> Including direct contact with added refrigerant {2}
537  DF  .~.~> Utilizing a constituent of the original mixture or solution as refrigerant
538  DF  .~.~> Solidifying or purifying in a pulsed column or using sonic vibration {1}
540  DF  .~.~> With measured parameter responsive control
541  DF  .~.~> With separated constituent recycle
542  DF  .~.~> Using melted solid to wash solidified constituent
543  DF  .~.~> With squeezing or compression of solidified component
544  DF  .~.~> With stirring, agitating or scraping of the solidification zone {1}

DEFINITION

Classification: 62/532

(under subclass 56) Processes wherein a solution or mixture of constituents is cooled sufficiently to solidify a constituent which is then removed from the mixture.

(1) Note. The solid, liquid or gaseous state for purposes of this and the indented subclasses is determined at the point immediately before the refrigerant and solution or mixture are first brought into contact, i.e., before any change of state of the refrigerant.

(2) Note. The formation of a hydrate or clathrate is considered for purposes of this and the indented subclasses as direct contact refrigeration with classification dependent upon the state of the hydrate former upon addition and its state upon removal.

(3) Note. In the absence of a clear disclosure to the contrary the dissolution of CO2 in a solution with subsequent evaporation from the solution is to be considered direct contact refrigeration with a gas.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

66+, particularly subclass 67 for separating a congealed fraction of a single liquid, e.g., ice from water. 123+, for apparatus for separating a solidified constituent by refrigeration.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS

23, Chemistry: Physical Processes,

295+, for processes crystallizing inorganic compounds or non-metal elements not including a refrigeration step, and when there is an intent to make a single-crystal, see Class 117 whether or not including a refrigeration step.

34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, for processes for drying by operations other than refrigeration combined with cooling by refrigeration particularly

284+, for processes wherein a frozen mixture is dried by sublimating a constituent while the mixture remains frozen.

117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for processes and noncoating apparatus for growing therein-defined single-crystal of all types of materials, including inorganic or organic, including those having refrigeration steps or means.

208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products,

28+, for similar processes combined with additional treatment of a mineral oil or a constituent thereof.

210, Liquid Purification or Separation, for processes which may involve cooling including treatment of a liquid mixture for purification by destruction or conversion of a constituent or treatment of sewage and waste by a living organism or gravitational separation with preliminary conversion of a solid to at least partially to a liquid.

260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, including the related classes for processes of treating or modifying non-hydrocarbon organic compounds: by crystallization wherein the crystallization is not brought about by refrigeration; wherein crystallization, by any means including refrigeration, is combined with synthesis or modification of said compounds by chemical means; or wherein the separation of carbon compounds is accomplished exclusively by physical means other than refrigeration.

422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,

245.1+, for non-coating crystallization apparatus not including chemical reaction means, not including refrigeration means, and not provided for elsewhere, and subclasses 129+ for non-coating crystallization apparatus which include means for a chemical reaction, which may or may not include refrigeration means, and which are not provided for elsewhere.

423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, for processes involving hydrate formation as a step in the purification of Class 423 compounds.

426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products, for processes of refrigeration of food (1) combined with an additional food working operation or (2) wherein the refrigerating agent becomes a part of the food (e.g., sugar refrigerant also sweetens the food).

585, Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds, for processes including a step of refrigeration which treats or modifies only hydrocarbon compounds (claimed or disclosed). Such processes disclosing any non-Class 585 (i.e., non-hydrocarbon) organic compound are placed according to the class line with Class 260 and related classes. Especially see

15, for treating or modifying a crystalline hydrocarbon hydrate and subclasses 812+ for a purification or separation process for recovery of a hydrocarbon.