US PATENT SUBCLASS 516 / 38
.~ Aqueous continuous liquid phase and discontinuous phase primarily bituminous (e.g., asphalt, pitch, tar, montan wax, paraffin wax), or coal, or elemental Carbon

Current as of: June, 1999
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516 /   HD   COLLOID SYSTEMS AND WETTING AGENTS; SUBCOMBINATIONS THEREOF; PROCESSES OF

9  DF  CONTINUOUS LIQUID OR SUPERCRITICAL PHASE: COLLOID SYSTEMS; COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING AN AGENT FOR MAKING OR STABILIZING COLLOID SYSTEMS; PROCESSES OF MAKING OR STABILIZING COLLOID SYSTEMS; PROCESSES OF PREPARING THE COMPOSITIONS (E.G., THICKENING AGENT; PROTECTIVE COLLOID AGENT; COMPOSITION CONTAINING AN EMULSIFYING AGENT WITH NO DISPERSANT* DISCLOSED; ORGANIC LIQUID EMULSIFIED IN ANHYDROUS HF) {5}
38.~ Aqueous continuous liquid phase and discontinuous phase primarily bituminous (e.g., asphalt, pitch, tar, montan wax, paraffin wax), or coal, or elemental Carbon {6}
39  DF  .~.~> The agent is formed in situ from native precursor by adding inorganic alkaline material (e.g., NaOH or TSP added to in situ acid)
40  DF  .~.~> The agent contains organic compound containing phosphorus
41  DF  .~.~> The agent contains organic compound containing sulfoxy* {1}
43  DF  .~.~> The agent contains organic compound containing nitrogen, except if present solely as NH4+ {2}
46  DF  .~.~> The agent contains organic compound containing oxygen {3}
52  DF  .~.~> The agent contains specified solid non-bituminous particulate (e.g., clay)

DEFINITION

Classification: 516/38

Aqueous continuous liquid phase and discontinuous phase primarily bituminous (e.g., asphalt, pitch, tar, montan wax, paraffin wax), or coal, or elemental carbon:

(under subclass 9) Subject matter in which the colloid system contains a aqueous continuous liquid phase with a discontinuous phase which is primarily bituminous (e.g., asphalt, pitch, tar, or paraffin wax), or coal, or elemental carbon, i.e., water based suspensions or dispersions.

(1) Note. Some early twentieth century patents claim emulsions of bituminous material in water and do not disclose the emulsifying agent*. Such generic disclosure patents are placed in this subclass.

(2) Note. Bituminous material* includes solid or semi-solid hydrocarbon such as asphalt, pitch, tar, or paraffin wax.

(3) Note. Materials* used as agents* which are impurely or crudely derived from plant or animal sources, are assumed to contain nitrogen-containing organic* compounds (i.e., the DNA and proteins), unless clearly separated out, such as cellulose, carbohydrate fractions, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

9, for colloid systems based on continuous liquid phase (e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which it is

unknown whether the continuous liquid phase is aqueous or organic*.

10+, for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase, i.e., foam. 20, for oil-in-oil emulsions, and other discontinuous organic* liquid phase dispersed in continuous organic* liquid phase.

21+, for emulsions in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* liquid, such as water-in-oil emulsions.

31+, for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid or semisolid material* (e.g., suspensions or dispersions).

32, for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid or semisolid material* which is primarily elemental carbon, such as graphite or diamond dispersed or suspended in oil or other primarily organic* continuous liquid phase.

53+, for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily organic* liquid.

77+, for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily nonbituminous solid.

901, for a collection of art related to colloid systems of substantially pure carbon, such as graphite, diamond, carbon black, lamp black, fullerenes.

905+, for a collection of art under the class definition which discloses a per se composition containing a colloid system making or stabilizing agent* (e.g., foaming, emulsifying, dispersing, gelling), i.e., a composition containing said agent* and lacking both dispersant* and dispersand*.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS

44, Fuel and Related Compositions, for compositions to be used either as a fuel or as a carbonaceous reductant, and

280+, for solid carbonaceous fuel dispersed in a liquid medium.

73, Measuring and Testing, 53.01+, for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 61.63+ for

determining settling ability of sediment constituent of a liquid mixture, subclasses 71.71+ for determining content or effect of a solid component (e.g., particles) constituent of a liquid mixture, and subclasses 64.41+ for a process or an apparatus for detecting or determining the composition of, a constituent of, or a property of a liquid or a liquid suspension of a solid and the determination is made by measuring or detecting the ability of the liquid to coagulate, to form a clot, or to form a stiffened or solid colloid-like mass (e.g., gel)).

106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions, and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic compositions, which are not elsewhere classified. See

271, for dispersions of paraffin wax in water which contain more than just the material necessary to produce or stabilize the dispersion, subclass 277 for bituminous emulsions which contain more than just those components necessary to form or stabilize the emulsion, and subclass 278 for bituminous dispersions which contain more than just those components necessary to form or stabilize the emulsion. The line between Class 106 and Class 516 in regard to bituminous emulsions is as follows: Processes of preparing bituminous emulsions and the emulsions so produced are placed in Class 516 even though the emulsions have utility as coating or plastic compositions, unless the emulsions claimed contain ingredients over and above those necessary for the preparation or maintenance (stabilization) of the colloid system, such as, for example, cementatious material, pigments, fillers, or aggregates.

138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits. See

40+, for some devices disclosed for the purpose of forming a mixture or emulsion of a plurality of fluids but in which the claims are limited to the structure of the conduit and the flow restrictor.

209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,

5, for methods or apparatus for treatment of materials or items prior to their separation to facilitate the latter in which certain components of a mixture may be deflocculated or dispersed relatively to others or by which certain components may be flocculated (this subclass receives only methods and apparatus in which the deflocculation or coagulation is contributory to a subsequent separation of some components from others).

241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,

15+, (particularly subclass 16) for processes for producing non-colloid suspensions of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations, and subclasses 38+ for apparatus which may produce suspensions of a solid in a liquid by comminuting

operations, whether such suspensions be disclosed as colloidal or not.

366, Agitating, 108+, for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by vibratory device, and subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming suspensions or emulsions by agitation, cross-reference art collection 605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint. Processes which form colloid systems, such as emulsifying or foaming, are proper for compositions classes for the claimed specified use compositions, and for Class 516 for nonspecified use compositions (generic).

423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,

445+, for products or processes of making same wherein the product is free carbon in substantially pure form, such as, diamond, fullerenes.

502, Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support therefor: Product or Process of Making,

416+, for sorbent compositions which are free carbon containing; the term "activated carbon" will be construed as indicating a composition comprising carbon and unidentified components, functioning as a sorbent for this class.

504, Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, appropriate subclasses for a plant stimulating or eradicating composition; including colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which are claimed as specifically intended for such use.

507, Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,

90, for compositions for addition to petroleum oils during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants).

508, Solid Anti-Friction Device, Materials Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions,

113+, for lubricants containing graphite, coal, or elemental carbon which may be colloid-sized dispersion. This Class is organized based upon the chemical constituents or chemical reactants of the composition or device; no subclass specifically provides for colloid systems or wetting agents, therefore such subject matter would be placed based upon its constituents as though it were a solution or mixture having no colloid system characteristic.

510, Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the

Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from solid surfaces. Although various subclasses specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion, such as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system characteristic). 514, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,

772+, for compositions which contain a designated nonbioactive organic compound (e.g., emulsifying polymers, gelatin), cross-reference art collections 936-975 which pertain to specifically disclosed carrier systems, physical form, or specified nonbioactive ingredient (particularly cross-reference art collections 937+ for subject matter involving a composition in the form of a dispersion or emulsion).