US PATENT SUBCLASS 516 / 31
.~.~ Discontinuous phase material primarily solid or semisolid (e.g., colloid- sized dispersion of gel particles, or paraffin wax, or polytetrafluoroethylene)

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516 /   HD   COLLOID SYSTEMS AND WETTING AGENTS; SUBCOMBINATIONS THEREOF; PROCESSES OF

9  DF  CONTINUOUS LIQUID OR SUPERCRITICAL PHASE: COLLOID SYSTEMS; COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING AN AGENT FOR MAKING OR STABILIZING COLLOID SYSTEMS; PROCESSES OF MAKING OR STABILIZING COLLOID SYSTEMS; PROCESSES OF PREPARING THE COMPOSITIONS (E.G., THICKENING AGENT; PROTECTIVE COLLOID AGENT; COMPOSITION CONTAINING AN EMULSIFYING AGENT WITH NO DISPERSANT* DISCLOSED; ORGANIC LIQUID EMULSIFIED IN ANHYDROUS HF) {5}
20  DF  .~ Primarily organic continuous liquid phase (e.g., organic liquid emulsified in an organic liquid) {2}
31.~.~ Discontinuous phase material primarily solid or semisolid (e.g., colloid- sized dispersion of gel particles, or paraffin wax, or polytetrafluoroethylene) {2}
32  DF  .~.~.~> The material primarily contains elemental carbon (e.g., graphite, diamond)
33  DF  .~.~.~> The material primarily contains inorganic material (e.g., chrome yellow, sodium nitrite) {4}

DEFINITION

Classification: 516/31

Discontinuous phase material primarily solid or semisolid (e.g., colloid dispersion of gel particles, or paraffin wax, or polytetrafluoroethylene):

(under subclass 20) Subject matter in which the colloid system comprises primarily organic* continuous liquid phase with a discontinuous phase of primarily solid or semisolid material*.

(1) Note. "Primarily solid or semisolid" means that 50% or more of the discontinuous phase is solid or semisolid or both, by weight, volume, molecule, or atom.

(2) Note. Organosols*, which are proper for this and indented subclasses, may be an intermediate material* in making aquasols, which are proper for lower in this class schedule.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

9, for colloid systems based on continuous liquid phase (e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which it is unknown whether the continuous liquid phase is aqueous or organic*.

10+, for colloid systems of continuous liquid phase and a discontinuous gas or vapor phase, i.e., foam, especially subclass 11 for such systems containing particulate solid.

20, for oil-in-oil emulsions, and other discontinuous organic* liquid phase dispersed in continuous organic* liquid phase. 21+, for emulsions in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily inorganic* liquid, such as water-in-oil emulsions.

32, for colloid systems in which the continuous liquid phase is primarily organic* and the discontinuous phase is primarily solid or semisolid material* which is primarily elemental carbon, such as graphite or diamond dispersed or suspended in oil or other primarily organic* continuous liquid phase.

38+, for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions, suspensions, or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily bituminous, coal, or carbon.

53+, for colloid systems (e.g., emulsions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily organic* liquid.

77+, for colloid systems (e.g., suspensions, or dispersions) in which the continuous liquid phase is aqueous and the discontinuous phase is primarily nonbituminous solid.

78+, for aquasols.

901, for a collection of art related to colloid systems of

substantially pure carbon, such as graphite, diamond, carbon black, lamp black, Fullerenes.

905+, for a collection of art under the class definition which discloses a per se composition containing a colloid system making or stabilizing agent* (e.g., foaming, emulsifying, dispersing, gelling), i.e., a composition containing said agent* and lacking both dispersant* and dispersand*.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS

44, Fuel and Related Compositions,

280+, for solid carbonaceous fuel dispersed in a liquid medium, such as dispersed coal. 60, Power Plants,

39.464, for reaction motor having means to produce combustion products wherein the fuel may be a solid, slurry, emulsion, dispersion, or suspension.

65, Glass Manufacturing,

17.2, for processes of working or treating glass which includes a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure during any stage of working or treating glass.

73, Measuring and Testing,

53.01+, for liquid analysis or analysis of the suspension of solids in a liquid (particularly subclasses 61.63+ for determining settling ability of sediment constituent of a liquid mixture, subclasses 71.71+ for determining content or effect of a solid component (e.g., particles) constituent of a liquid mixture, and subclasses 64.41+ for a process or an apparatus for detecting or determining the composition of, a constituent of, or a property of a liquid or a liquid suspension of a solid and the determination is made by measuring or detecting the ability of the liquid to coagulate, to form a clot, or to form a stiffened or solid colloid-like mass (e.g., gel)).

106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for coating or plastic compositions, and materials or ingredients used in the making of coating or plastic compositions, which may be emulsions, dispersions, suspensions, which are not elsewhere classified.

162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation. See

1+, for processes of liberation (especially subclasses 70+ for compositions specifically employed in or intended to be employed in the Class provided for processes).

205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and

Methods of Preparing the Compositions,

74, for the reproduction or formation of powder, flakes, or colloid-sized particles by electrodeposition in which the deposit does not remain with the base upon which deposition is made and compositions therefor, subclasses 334+ for processes or compositions for the preparation of chemical compounds or of elements by means of electrolytic action (especially subclass 352 for processes wherein an emulsion, dispersion, or suspension is utilized as the electrolyte or bath, and subclass 353 for processes wherein an electrolyte system having two or more separate, immiscible layers are utilized). 209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,

5, for methods or apparatus for treatment of materials or items prior to their separation to facilitate the latter in which certain components of a mixture may be deflocculated or dispersed relatively to others or by which certain components may be flocculated (this subclass receives only methods and apparatus in which the deflocculation or coagulation is contributory to a subsequent separation of some components from others).

241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,

15+, (particularly subclass 16) for processes for producing non-colloid suspensions of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations, and subclasses 38+ for apparatus which may produce suspensions of a solid in a liquid by comminuting operations, whether such suspensions be disclosed as colloidal or not.

252, Compositions, for all those compositions for which there is no provision elsewhere in the USPCS; including those compositions (or appropriate methods) which are claimed as specifically intended for a special use or function, but which, if only generically claimed, would be proper for Class 516, provided that subject matter is hierarchically superior within Class 252. See

186.1+, for compositions for bleaching by oxidation, or in other oxidation of extraneous substances, or in generating oxygen, subclass 363.5 for finely divided solids combined with an agent to facilitate dispersion, subclasses 610+ for fire retarding compositions in the form of dispersion or colloid system, and subclasses 634+ for radioactive compositions in the form of sol solution or gel.

366, Agitating,

108+, for apparatus wherein the agitation is effected by vibratory device, subclasses 176.1+ for apparatus for forming suspensions or emulsions by agitation, and cross-reference art collection 605 for mixing apparatus for stirring of paint. Processes which form colloid systems, such as

emulsifying or foaming, are proper for compositions classes for the claimed specified use compositions, and for Class 516 for non-specified use compositions (generic).

424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,

455, for a capsule which contains an emulsion, dispersion, or solution, subclass 70.19 for compositions which have topical nontherapeutic utility for treating the hair or scalp of the living body (e.g. grooming or adorning aids, tonics, rinses) which contain two or more surfactants (i.e. compounds that lower the surface or interfacial tension, including detergents, foaming or wetting agents, emulsifiers, solubilizers, or dispersants) which are either designated in the claims or are art recognized as such.

504, Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, appropriate subclasses for a plant stimulating or eradicating composition; including colloid systems, wetting agents, subcombination compositions therefor, or appropriate methods which are claimed as specifically intended for such use. 505, Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process,

165, for system, device, or component utilizing suspension of superconducting particulate material in liquid (e.g., seal, pump, etc.).

507, Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,

90, for compositions for addition to petroleum oils during transportation through conduits to prevent fouling or clogging of the conduits due to components of the petroleum oils precipitating out during the transportation (e.g., suspending agents, antiflocculants), subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents, and subclasses 200+ for well treating compositions which may contain colloid systems (e.g., dispersions, suspensions, emulsions) or wetting agents.

510, Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for claimed or solely disclosed cleaning compositions for cleaning or removing foreign matter from solid surfaces which may be dispersions or suspensions of solid or semi-solid material in organic liquid phase. Although various subclasses specifically provide for colloid systems or wetting agents, such subject matter may be placed based upon another criterion, such as its chemical constitution (i.e., as though it has no colloid system characteristic). Areas known to have documents related to dispersion or suspension colloid systems (e.g., slurry) include:

133+, for composition for cleaning human skin (especially

subclass 139 for particulate containing which may be colloid-sized), subclasses 276+ for cleaning compositions for textile material (e.g., laundry detergent) (particularly subclasses 337+ for liquid compositions (e.g., slurry) which may be colloid systems), subclasses 367+ for cleaning compositions with oxygen or halogen containing chemical bleach or oxidant component (particularly subclasses 368+ for with scrubbing or scouring component (e.g., abrasive, slurry), subclass 370 for liquid, paste, foam, or gel (e.g., slurry, aerosol composition or package)), subclasses 395+ for cleaning composition with a scrubbing or scouring component (e.g., containing an abrasive, cream, paste, gel, gas-propelled, slurry), subclass 404 for cream or paste cleaning composition, subclasses 405+ for liquid cleaning compositions, especially for chemically specified surfactants (particularly subclass 418 for liquid and solid phases (e.g., suspension, slurry)), and subclasses 535 for surfactant compositions (other that raw soap) which are specialized for use in cleaning compositions together with other auxiliary components (particularly subclass 537 for liquid or paste).

514, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,

772+, for compositions which contain a designated nonbioactive organic compound (e.g., emulsifying polymers, gelatin), and cross-reference art collections 936-975 which pertain to specifically disclosed carrier systems, physical form, or specified nonbioactive ingredient (particularly cross-reference art collections 937+ for subject matter involving a composition in the form of a dispersion or emulsion).

520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for (1) synthetic resins, per se, or (2) resin containing compositions, the use or utility of which is not specifically provided for elsewhere. The subject matter of the Class 520 series is hierarchically superior to Class 516 for placement of ORs (original reference).

1, of Class 520 is the residual subclass for solid resin containing subject matter. See various subclasses in the 520 series of classes for aqueous or organic dispersions, latexes, or gels, of a polymer or natural or synthetic rubber, and methods of making or treating same.

524, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers--Part of the Class 520 Series, 457+, for polymerizing an ethylenic monomer in the presence of a preformed SICP or solid polymer and in the presence of a nonreactive material so as to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension, or emulsion therewith, or product thereof, cross-reference art collection 923 for subject matter involving treating or preparing nonaqueous dispersions or emulsions of solid polymer or SICP.