US PATENT SUBCLASS 210 / 702
.~ Making an insoluble substance or accreting suspended constituents

Current as of: June, 1999
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210 /   HD   LIQUID PURIFICATION OR SEPARATION

600  DF  PROCESSES {14}
702.~ Making an insoluble substance or accreting suspended constituents {14}
703  DF  .~.~> Effecting flotation {1}
708  DF  .~.~> Including emulsion breaking
709  DF  .~.~> Controlling process in response to stream condition
710  DF  .~.~> Treating the insoluble substance {1}
712  DF  .~.~> Including recycling {1}
714  DF  .~.~> Seeding {1}
716  DF  .~.~> Including step of manufacturing inorganic treating agent {1}
718  DF  .~.~> Including degassing
719  DF  .~.~> Including chemical reduction {1}
721  DF  .~.~> Including oxidation {1}
723  DF  .~.~> Utilizing precipitant, flocculant, or coagulant, each with accelerator or with each other or plural precipitants, flocculants, or coagulants {3}
729  DF  .~.~> Utilizing organic precipitant {2}
737  DF  .~.~> Including temperature change
738  DF  .~.~> Including agitation

DEFINITION

Classification: 210/702

Making an insoluable substance or accreting suspended constituents:

(under subclass 600) Process in which a liquid is treated by a chemical or physical agent to cause a dissolved constituent to separate from the solvent or to cause a constituent, dispersed in such a finely divided state that it is not filterable or settleable, to agglomerate, coagulate, coalesce, or flocculate.

(1) Note. This and indented subclasses require a positive step to cause the precipitation or accretion, and merely allowing suspended material to settle will not warrant classification here, but is provided for in subclasses 800+.

(2) Note. Precipitation may be either by chemical reaction (e.g., of silver by addition of sodium chloride, by salting

out or addition of alcohol to sugar solution, etc.), or by physical means as agitation, heat, etc.

(3) Note. A process using a single inorganic flocculant or precipitant is classified in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

631, for a process using a living organism and which may include a precipitation or flocculating step.

695, for a process utilizing magnetic energy and which may precipitate or flocculate material in a liquid. 800+, for a process of separation including only settling of suspended material.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS

23, Chemistry: Physical Processes,

295+, and 313+ for physical processes of crystallizing or agglomerating a specific nonmetallic element or an inorganic compound.

117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for processes and non-coating apparatus for growing therein-defined single-crystal of all types of materials, including inorganic or organic.

260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, appropriate subclasses, and

701+, and 704+ for a process of obtaining or purifying a specific organic compound.

423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, appropriate subclasses for a chemical process of crystallizing a specific nonmetallic element or an inorganic compound.

516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions, dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading); subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed

art. Class 516 is the locus for the breaking of colloid systems generically claimed and provides for (a) the separation or purification of liquids, generally claimed, when performed by a Class 516 process, such as by breaking an emulsion, dispersion, or foam, and for such processes further including ancillary steps, such as, decanting, or passing through a separatory funnel, etc., or (b) processes in which recovery is intended of both water and another product. Class 210 provides for (a) processes which include a step of colloid system resolution of liquids, generally claimed, when combined with a step of separation of a diverse component, unless that step is also a Class 516 step (i.e., multiple Class 516 steps are proper for placement in Class 516), or (b) a step of colloid system breaking, per se, for the purpose of obtaining water, wherein the water may be intended for use or intended to be made suitable for disposal, thus, decontaminating of sewage waste water to be dumped into the ocean using an emulsion breaking step is proper for Class 210.