US PATENT SUBCLASS 208 / 400
BY TREATMENT OF SOLID MINERAL, E.G., COAL LIQUEFACTION, ETC.

Current as of: June, 1999
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208 /   HD   MINERAL OILS: PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS

400BY TREATMENT OF SOLID MINERAL, E.G., COAL LIQUEFACTION, ETC. {13}
401  DF  .~> Including a test or measurement
402  DF  .~> Using electrical, magnetic or wave energy
403  DF  .~> Chemical modification of solids before hydrogenation
404  DF  .~> Using molten additive, e.g., heat carrier, etc. {1}
407  DF  .~> Specified agitation or circulation in gas contact zone {3}
412  DF  .~> Plural hydrogenation steps {1}
414  DF  .~> With hydrogen production from water
415  DF  .~> Including contact of feed with liquid produced in the process, i.e., recycle {3}
419  DF  .~> Using specifically added catalyst during hydrogenation {3}
424  DF  .~> Specified procedure to improve separation of solids from liquid product {1}
426  DF  .~> Including agglomeration, comminution or size-classification of solids
427  DF  .~> Including burning of feed or product
428  DF  .~> Including contact with extraneous additive other than hydrogen, e.g., solvent, etc. {7}

DEFINITION

Classification: 208/400

BY TREATMENT OF SOLID MINERAL, E.G., COAL LIQUEFACTION, ETC.:

(under the class definition) Process wherein a liquid oily or tarlike hydrocarbonaceous mixture is recovered from a solid mineral material feed, such as coal, diatomite, oil shale, tar sand, etc.

(1) Note. Included herein are processes which may be considered merely "physical" such as removal of hydrocarbonaceous liquids from tar sands or shale by melting as well as digestion, pyrolysis or other chemical conversions of such solids to obtain mineral oils.

(2) Note. The solid feedstock material may be in a form big enough to be handled as individual pieces of solids, or may be in particulate form, so that it is handled as fluent solids, or may be solid particles slurried in a liquid or gas.

(3) Note. The designation of the feed by a term which usually implies a solid, e.g., "coal", "oil shale", "tar sands", etc., is sufficient basis to classify a patent in this or an indented subclass; however, it should be noted that a feedstock referred to as "shale oil", "coal liquids", etc., is not a solid and is provided for elsewhere in the class.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

39+, for asphalt treatment including the treatment of solid natural asphalts found in substantially pure condition.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS

44, Fuel and Related Compositions, appropriate subclasses for a solid product which is coke or modified coal, especially 620+, for a miscellaneous coal-treating process or a product thereof. A process for producing such a solid product from coal, whether or not also produced, is also classified in Class 44 if the process in not suitable for classification in Class 201. Where a patent has a claim suitable for placement in Class 44 and another claim for Class 208, it is placed as as original in Class 44 and cross-referenced to this class

(208).

48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating,

197+, for a fuel gas composition and/or a process for manufacture thereof not elsewhere provided for. Where a solid mineral material is treated to recover a solid fuel product, the product is classified in Class 44 and the process is classified in Class 44 or Class 201, as appropriate, whether or not recoverable liquid or solid materials are produced. Where a solid mineral material is treated to produce a liquid hydrocarbon mixture, the product is classified in this class (208) and the process also is classified in this class, whether or not a recoverable fuel gas is also produced. However, a patent having a Class 48 product claim and a Class 208 process claim is classified in Class 48 and cross-referenced to Class 208.

62, Refrigeration,

600+, for the extraction, per se, of a component from a mixture of gases by liquefaction and separation.

166, Wells,

244+, for a process of recovering fluid materials or hydrocarbons converted to the fluid state from wells, especially subclasses 256+ for processes involving in situ combustion, subclasses 272.1+ for processes involving injection and producing wells and heating the formation and subclass 302 for miscellaneous processes involving heating.

201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, appropriate subclasses for a process wherein a solid carboneaceous feedstock is subjected to pyrolysis and a solid coke or char is produced as recoveable product, whether or not a liquid mineral-oil-lide product is also produced. Where in all the claims of such a patent any char which is produced by pyrolysis is burned as fuel in the process etc., the patent is classified as an original in Class 208 and cross-referenced to Class 201, where desired.

202, Distillation: Apparatus,

91+, 96+, 211+, and 217+ for apparatus for the pyrlolytic conversion of solids to coke where there is no subsequent treatment of the carbon product to form a mineral oils.

299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material, 2, for tunnel recovery of fluid mineral, and subclasses 3+ for in situ conversion of solid material other than hydocarbon to fluid for recovery.

518, Chemistry: Fischer-Tropsch Processes; or Purification or Recovery of Products Thereof, appropriate subclass for a process wherein a organic compound or mixture or organic

compounds is produced by the hydrogenation of a carbon oxide. A patent claim to a multi-step process where the carbon oxide which is hydrogenated is produced from a solid mineral is classified in Class 518 when all of the liquid product follows the route: Solid to carbon oxide to liquid hydrocarbon, but is classified in this class (208) when at least some of the liquid product is not derived from carbon oxide.

585, Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds,

240+, for the production of a mineral-oil-like mixture from wood or solid nonmineral refuse, other appropriate subclasses for the production of named specific hydrocarbon compounds, and subclass 943 for a collection of patents concerning conversion of coal or char to a specific hydrocarbon compound.