US PATENT SUBCLASS 521 / 50
.~ CELLULAR PRODUCTS OR PROCESSES OF PREPARING A CELLULAR PRODUCT, E.G., FOAMS, PORES, CHANNELS, ETC.

Current as of: June, 1999
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521 /   HD   SYNTHETIC RESINS OR NATURAL RUBBERS -- PART OF THE CLASS 520 SERIES

*  DD  SYNTHETIC RESINS (Class 520, Subclass 1) {3}
50.~ CELLULAR PRODUCTS OR PROCESSES OF PREPARING A CELLULAR PRODUCT, E.G., FOAMS, PORES, CHANNELS, ETC. {27}
50.5  DF  .~.~> Compositions to be polymerized by wave energy in order to prepare a cellular product wherein said composition contains a rate-affecting material; or compositions to be modified by wave energy to prepare a cellular product wherein said composition contains a rate-affecting material; or processes of preparing or treating a solid polymer utilizing wave energy in order to prepare a cellular product
51  DF  .~.~> Processes of preparing a cellular product having an integral skin
52  DF  .~.~> Reticulated cellular product or processes of preparing a reticulated cellular product
53  DF  .~.~> Treating a cellular solid polymer by adding a material thereto which reacts with the polymer or forms a composition therewith, or products of said treating process {2}
56  DF  .~.~> Particle which is expandible, process of preparing an expandible particle, or process of expanding a particle to form a cellular product {4}
61  DF  .~.~> Process of preparing a cellular product by removal of material from a solid polymer-containing matrix without expanding the matrix; composition which is nonexpandible and is designed to form a cellular product by said process; or process of preparing said composition {3}
65  DF  .~.~> Process of forming a cellular product from an aqueous latex, aqueous dispersion, or aqueous emulsion containing a solid polymer; process of preparing a latex, dispersion, or emulsion containing a solid polymer which is designed to be formed into a cellular product, or composition thereof {7}
73  DF  .~.~> Process of preparing a cellular product of a plastisol of a solid polymer derived solely from ethylenically unsaturated monomers; forming a plastisol of a solid polymer derived solely from an ethylenically unsaturated monomer which is designed to be formed into a cellular product, or composition thereof {2}
76  DF  .~.~> Preparing a cellular product utilizing a stated ingredient which is surface coated or is a discrete solid particle containing a fluid encapsulated therein, processes of forming an expandible composition, containing said stated ingredient or composition therefrom
77  DF  .~.~> Preparing a cellular product by decomposition of a solid polymer; or process of forming a composition containing a solid polymer which decomposes so as to subsequently form a cellular polymer, or composition therefrom
78  DF  .~.~> Preparing a cellular product by spraying a solid polymer containing material
79  DF  .~.~> Extruding a solid polymer containing material to form a cellular product {2}
82  DF  .~.~> Process of forming a cellular product subsequent to solid polymer formation in the presence of a stated ingredient, noncellular composition capable of forming a cellular product and containing a stated ingredient, or process of preparing same {14}
99  DF  .~.~> Cellular product formation prior to or during solid polymer formation in the presence of a stated ingredient other than water {18}
134  DF  .~.~> Cellular product derived from two or more solid polymers or from at least one solid polymer and at least one polymer-forming system {6}
141  DF  .~.~> Cellular vinyl alcohol polymer
142  DF  .~.~> Cellular product derived from ethylenically unsaturated reactants only {5}
151  DF  .~.~> Cellular polymer derived from tar, pitch, bitumen, asphalt, or plant material of unknown constitution, e.g., nut shell liquor, etc.
152  DF  .~.~> Cellular product derived from boron containing reactant
153  DF  .~.~> Cellular product derived from aluminum or heavy metal containing reactant
154  DF  .~.~> Cellular product derived from silicon containing reactant
155  DF  .~.~> Cellular product derived from a -N=C=X containing reactant wherein X is a chalcogen atom {10}
178  DF  .~.~> Cellular product derived from a reactant containing two or more three membered heterocyclic rings wherein two of the ring members are carbon atoms and the remaining ring member is a chalcogen atom {1}
180  DF  .~.~> Cellular product derived from a phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic phenolate reactant {1}
182  DF  .~.~> Cellular product derived from a -C-C(=X)-X containing reactant wherein X is a chalcogen atom, e.g., phthalic acid, etc. {1}
186  DF  .~.~> Cellular product derived from reactant which is an aldehyde or aldehyde derivative {1}
189  DF  .~.~> Cellular product derived from reactant containing a carbon to chalcogen bond

DEFINITION

Classification: 521/50

CELLULAR PRODUCTS OR PROCESSES OF PREPARING A CELLULAR PRODUCT, E.G., FOAMS, PORES, CHANNELS, ETC.:

(under subclass 1) Subject matter under Class 520, ..., drawn to cellular products containing at least one solid synthetic polymer or to processes of preparing a cellular product containing at least a solid synthetic polymer.

(1) Note. This subclass includes in addition to cellular products or processes of preparing same for (1) processes of preparing a composition which is capable of forming a cellular product upon exposure to heat or pressure, or to the composition, per se, or for (2) processes of treating a cellular product with a material which reacts with or forms a desired composition therewith, or purifies or treats in some other manner the cellular product and is not elsewhere provided for or cellular products thereof; or (3) processes of preparing a composition which is capable of forming a cellular product by removing a material therefrom without expansion of the composition or to the composition, per se.

(2) Note. Included within the definition of cellular products are foamed products and products which contain

pores, cavities, voids, interstices, or fissures.

(3) Note. In order to be proper for this subclass, the final product must be a cellular product and must contain a solid synthetic polymer. Destruction of the cellular product as by grinding, etc., and wherein a noncellular solid polymer is recovered is excluded herefrom. Solid polymer as used throughout this schedule does not exclude polymers which would be solid except that under the conditions of use their physical state has been changed to satisfy the process conditions required (e.g., molten, dissolved).

(4) Note. In order to be proper for this and the indented subclasses hereunder, those claims which recite a cell forming composition must recite that the composition has been perfected in some manner that is specific to the cellular property, e.g., adding a blowing agent, adding of cell stabilizing surfactants, etc. Compositions which are complete or nearly complete and which merely require the application of heat or the addition of air are proper for classification herein.

(5) Note. The term "stated ingredient" denotes the intentional and deliberate presence of an ingredient (other than a monomer or reactant which forms the polymer backbone) during a cell forming process.

I. The term "stated ingredient" is limited to: (A) an amount of a material (e.g., 2 percent of a material, etc.); (B) (1) a recitation of at least one specified element in compound or in elemental form (e.g., oxygen-liberating compound, peroxy compound, chloride-containing, etc.) and (2) groups of elements which can be identified from the periodic table, other than metal or nonmetal (e.g., Group IA, transition metal, halogen-containing, etc.); (3) Compounds which have identified art meaning (e.g., alcohol, ethers, ester, etc.). II. Examples of materials which are described in mere functional terms and are thereby excluded as being "stated ingredient" since they do not meet the parameters set out in I, A and B above are terms such as free radical catalyst, redox catalyst, emulsifier, dispersant, base, acid, organic medium, blowing agent, etc.

(6) Note. Patents which claim an "in situ" preparation of the "stated ingredient" in the presence of the monomer or reactants which form the backbone polymer are classified on the materials which are introduced and co-react to form the "in situ" stated ingredient.

(7) Note. Patents in this area are to be classified on the basis of the claimed final compound or composition that is introduced into the reaction zone and is in direct contact with any of the monomers or reactants therein. If it is not possible to so classify the intro-duced material, classification is then made on the basis of the individual reactants used in the preparation of the unknown material. In

the event that the claims recite both the individual reactants and identify the product formed there from, then the original classification should be made in the subclass that provides for the known product and a cross-reference should be placed in the appropriate subclass that provides for the reactants.

(8) Note. Claims to an after-treated product are classified on the basis of the actual monomers or reactants used in the preparation of the polymer to be after-treated rather than on the after-treated polymer, per se. Furthermore, polymers which are to be after-treated and which already have been exposed to a preliminary after-treatment step, (e.g., halogenated polymer, alkylated polymer, etc.) are classified on the basis of the unsaturated monomers or reactants used in the preparation of the polymer.

(9)

The types of cellular materials set forth in (A)-(F), infra, are provided for by this class. (G)-(J), infra, provide gurther elucidation.

(A)

A mixture of similar types or different types of solid polymers.

(B)

A mixture of a solid polymer anda resinifiable intermediate condensation product, the latter being known to form a solid polymer under the conditions of the reaction if the performed solid polymer were not present.

(C) A mixture of a solid polymer and reactable materials, the latter materials being known to react to form a solid polymer under the conditions of the reaction if the preformed polymer were not present.

(D)

A mixture of a solid polymer and a resinifiable intermediate, the latter combining with the solid polymer and polymerizing under the conditions of the reaction.

(E)

A mixture of a solid polymer and reactable materials, the latter combining with the solid polymer and polymerizing under the conditions of the reaction.

(F)

A mixture of a solid polymer and an ethylenic reactant.

(G)

In (A) above any difference is sufficient to render the polymers nonidentical, even if both are made of the same monomeric materials. This includes, e.g., two polystyrenes of different density or crystallinity, two diene rubbers of different Mooney viscosity, etc.

(H)

In general, reactable materials (or monomer), as used herein are distinguished from a resinifiable intermediate condensation product by the fact that the former is a definite compound of certain composition or structure, whereas the latter is the result of a reaction of one or more nonresinous materials to yield a product which is not a specific compound, but rather a complex mixture of products identifiable only on the basis of the average properties of the whole product. Complex nonresinous materials which are known to react only by first breaking down to simple compounds are considered nonresinous materials (e.g., paraformaldehyde). (I)

Polymer forming system or polymer forming ingredients as used throughout the schedule are generic terms and include (1) reactable materials which form polymers, or (2) intermediate resinfication condensation producers, polymers, or (3) ethylenic reactants which react with the polymer.

(J)

The resinous, resinifiable or polymerizable reaction product of a plurality of nonresinous materials of any type is not included here, but is considered a copolymer or co-condensation product and placed in this class, as is appropriate.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

51, for processes of preparing a cellular product only.

52, for all subject matter pertinent to a reticulated product (e.g., processes, products, etc.).

53, through 55, for processes of treating, or for treated cellular products, or for compositions containing a cellular product and a treating agent, or processes of preparing such a composition.

56, through 77, for processes of preparing a cellular product for cell forming compositions or processes of preparing.

78, through 81, for processes of preparing a cellular product.

82, through 133, for processes of preparing a cellular product in the presence of a stated ingredient, for cell forming compositions containing a stated ingredient; or processes of preparing a cell forming composition. 134, through 189, for cellular products, for processes of preparing a cellular product in the absence of a stated ingredient, for a cell forming composition devoid of a stated ingredient or processes of preparing same, for processes of treating a cellular product with a material which neither reacts with the cellular product nor which is intended to form a composition therewith.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS

106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, for a synthetic pigment, filler or aggregatecontaining voids or cavities and, in particular,

409, wherein it is coated (encapsulated or dispersed) with a stated material.

216, Etching a Substrate: Processes, for etching processes used in the manufacturing of a porous or perforated article.

264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,

4.1+, for liquid encapsulation, e.g., microencapsulating a liquid within a microcapsule wall derived from a synthetic polymer, etc. However, if the core material is disclosed to be an expanding (blowing) agent see Class 521, subclass 50, (4) Note for limitations to those subclasses.

427, Coating Processes,

213.3+, for solid encapsulation e.g., microencapsulating a solid with a microcapsule wall derived from a synthetic polymer, etc. However, if the core material is disclosed to be an expanding (blowing) agent see Class 521, subclass 50, (4) Note for limitations to those subclasses.

428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,

402.2+, and 402.24 for microcapsuless with liquid and solid cores respectively. However, if the core material is disclosed to be an expanding (blowing) agent see Class 521, subclass 50, (4) Note for a limitation to those subclasses.

523, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, in particular, 218, for a hollow nonsynthetic polymeric or polymeric or hollow nonpolymeric material in admixture with a polymer of that class.

525, Synthetic Resins and Natural Rubbers, for mixtures of

solid polymers and mixtures of a solid polymer and a polymer forming system which mixtures are not cellular.

588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,

255, for the use of a polymer, resin, or foam in the containment of hazardous or toxic waste.