This is the residual class for static structures. It includes on site erected structures generally identified by terms such as: civil engineering, public works, shelter, housing, buildings or masts and other related components used in such structures, e.g., panels, beams, columns. etc. Also, included
are selected structurally similar components, such as, table top panels, poles, posts, window sash elements or door panels even though not disclosed as specialized as components of a building structure. Also, are included processes, machines and implements used in the construction of such structures which are not elsewhere provided for.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
27, see the (1) Note, for exemplary classes and subclasses that provide for an article or article support installed in means forming an enclosure or part thereof.
198, see the search class reference to Class 454 for a ventilating structure with air directing or controlling features other than mere windows.
204.1, for a structure having defined structure outlining a passageway which traverses a barrier (e.g., wall), said passageway is designed for a means which allows access of light, air, people, or a pet and see the attached search notes to this subclass definition.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS
14, Bridges, appropriate subclasses for nonmasonry or nonconcrete static structure specialized to carrying traffic across a space between supports. 34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate subclasses, particularly
201+, for houses and kilns having means for drying and/or gas or vapor contact with solids, and subclass 237 for reticulated floors for distributing a drying medium.
47, Plant Husbandry, for buildings having features specialized to the care, treatment and support of the growth of plants.
49, Movable or Removable Closures, for closure panels mounted for movement or removal including support means for such closures having features providing for such movement or removal of a closure panel. This class (52) takes panels, per se, (1) even though defined as doors or windows, (2) structure defining an opening through a barrier, (3) structure having a feature for movement or removal of a panel section for purposes of repair or assembly or disassembly, (4) a transparent panel (window) with means to treat the panel not elsewhere provided for and (5) a building or barrier with a movable closure and having an additional feature other than one merely forming an enclosure or support for the movable closure. See Subclass References to Current Class, above, regarding a structure having defined structure outlining a passageway which traverses a barrier (e.g.,
wall).
105, Railway Rolling Stock, appropriate subclass, for a vehicle specialized to use as railway rolling stock, particularly
375, and 422 for floors, and subclasses 396+ for car framing and structure. In general, structure forming a box-like enclosure of general application is in Class 52, even though defined as a "vehicle body" or the like. Also a vehicle body with a feature for conversion from a vehicle to a static structure is also in Class 52, e.g., a vehicle with ground engaging braces or guys.
109, Safes, Bank Protection, or a Related Device, appropriate subclasses, for a static structure of a building combined with devices provided for in Class 109, i.e., means resisting attack which do more than merely contribute to structural strength, particularly
78+, for wall structure with specific penetration resistant features.
110, Furnaces, appropriate subclasses for furnace structure with features specialized to furnace operation, e.g.,
297+, for a furnace provided with fluid supply structure; subclass 308 for fluid heater wall structure; subclasses 331+ for furnace arch or roof structure; subclasses 336+ for furnace wall structure; and subclasses 338+ for furnace brick structure. The mere recitation of a refractory, coated or oxidizably coated refractory, is not considered a recitation of a feature specialized to furnace operation. See the search notes to other classes in References to Other Classes, herein.
114, Ships, particularly 65+, for a structure specialized to a ship and see the search note for Railway Rolling Stock, in References to Other Classes, herein.
119, Animal Husbandry,
301, 302+, 311+, 329+, 400+, and 416+ for enclosures having significant structure or combined with a feature for that class.
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers,
6, and 494 for furnace structure combined with tubes for liquid to be heated.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, appropriate subclasses for a structure with features peculiar to that class, particularly
144+, for fire pots and linings, and see the search note for
Furnaces, in References to Other Classes, herein.
135, Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane. The line is: Class 52 takes: (1) structures which are strengthened or shaped by fluid pressure (see
2.11, ), (2) an in situ erected enclosure or shelter having as a component thereof a rigidly framed prefabricated panel even though it may have flexible surfacing (see subclass 63) and (3) certain covers which are entirely supported by an article or pile of material (see subclasses 3+) and (4) other in situ erected type rigid buildings. Class 135 takes other portable covers, or shelters surfaced with flaccid material, whether hand or earth supported.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits. The line between Class 52 and Class 138 is: Class 52 takes rigid tubular structures specialized to use as or in an in situ erected static structure, e.g., (1) a tubular structure of like components (modules) juxtaposed in an axial direction, (2) a curved segment, e.g., a curved cast arch or a curved module per se, (3) a module having intersecting passages, (4) a module having a through passage and a joint forming feature on at least one end surface intersecting said passage, (5) a tubular structure with means projecting from the wall thereof having a rigidifying function other than merely forming the tube, e.g., a tube with means to support a structural component or (6) an open-work load-bearing tube such as a box girder, mast, etc. Class 138 takes a tubular structure of more general application, e.g., (1) a tubular structure forming a clear through passage which is only defined by a cross-section normal to a longitudinal axis, (2) a flexible (nonrigid) tubular structure or (3) a tubular structure having reinforcement generally conforming to and embedded in or applied to the wall thereof to increase the strength of the tube rather than to adapt it for use as a load-bearing component of a building component.
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel. The line is: Class 160, takes: (a) Closures and other panel units utilizing flexible sheet material or fabrics to constitute the panel portion. (b) Closures and panel units made of plural strips, slabs or panels interconnected with one another for relative motion. (c) Closures and panel units of either or both types (a) and (b) combined with closures or panel units of other types. Class 52 takes: (1) rigid panels or (2) plural panels with a flexible section forming an enclosure. As to (a) above, the subject matter, if claimed generically or defining Class 160 subject matter, is placed in Class 160. 165, Heat Exchange,
53+, for a heat exchanger related to a wall, ceiling or floor which heat exchanger is defined as more than a mere heating or cooling duct within a barrier.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, appropriate subclass for a pole, post or anti-inductive shield, e.g., building having defined a feature specialized to such use, e.g., conductor, insulator or means supporting it or a barrier or enclosure having means forming a conductive path between components, particularly
35+, for anti-inductive shields.
181, Acoustics, particularly
30, and 284+ for a panel having a physical configuration or relationship of components, peculiar to the attenuation of sound. This class takes such a panel combined with an additional feature for a static building structure, e.g., means for mounting them to form an enclosure or barrier.
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, for (1) ladder, i.e., stairs without risers except helical stairs, (2) ladder or scaffold attached to a building where only sufficient structure to attach the ladder or scaffold is defined, (3) ladder, scaffold or tower with a platform which in use is intended to support a person and (4) structure with additional features specialized to escaping from a building.
202, Distillation: Apparatus,
222+, for structural features peculiar to a thermolytic distillation retort.
220, Receptacles, appropriate subclasses for a portable type container especially
1.5+, 3.2+, 216, 484, 565+, and 581+ and also other containers made of other materials not specifically provided for in other container classes. 238, Railways: Surface Track,
84+, for a plastic, e.g., concrete, railway tie.
244, Aeronautics,
117+, for an aircraft structure having a defined feature specialized to Class 244 and see the search note for Railway Rolling Stock, in References to Other Classes, herein.
249, Static Molds, for molds in which the form panels are removed after molding and see the reference in
1, and 213 of Class 249.
250, Radiant Energy,
517.1, for a ray energy shielding structure having defined features specialized for such use.
256, Fences, for a structure having features peculiar to such use, particularly fences limited structurally to a definite height or posts having features for retaining fence wires or rails.
280+, for an apparatus having structure with a feature specialized to such use, e.g., a leak proof furnace bottom construction, blast furnace bell cover, localized lining or oxidizable blocks, oxidizable devices between refractory blocks, etc., and see the above reference to Class 110. 296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, appropriate subclasses for an enclosure having a feature specialized to use as or with land vehicles and see the search note for Railway Rolling Stock, in References to Other Classes, herein.
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, for a construction forming an enclosure which as an entity is portable, i.e., merely rests on a surface in its use position as distinct from a structure for Class 52 which is generally assembled at the job site. See also Subclass References to the Current Class, above, for the location of a discussion of exemplary classes and subclasses that provide for an article or article support installed in means forming an enclosure or part thereof.
396, Photography,
1+, for a specialized photos:graphic studio.
403, Joints and Connections, for joints or junctures formed by members connected together at a single locus of more general application. Class 52 takes joints specialized to use in constructions generally identified by terms such as: housing, public works or civil engineering, e.g., rigid module or panel joints. In interpreting this line the following exemplary subject matter is in Class 52; (1) a system of physical connected joints forming a load bearing construction or accommodating itself to a transverse loading, e.g., a truss frame or a composite or tapered shaft; (2) connected rigid panels or modules having integral or permanently attached modifications on plural edges thereof for repetitious edge-to-edge connection, (3) a rigid panel connected by or to elongated rigid load resisting members, e.g., studs, columns, etc., in generally parallel planes, (4) rigid panels held in a fixed relationship to each other or to a sub-structure by a plurality of mechanical connectors, (5) a composite structure having a specified feature for receiving an impaling type fastener, e.g., a nailing beam or panel, (6) rigid panels with edge portions lapped so their edges lie in different planes, (7) rigid panels having a bridger strip overlying their edge juncture and (8) joined components incorporating an adjunct having a Class 52 function, e.g., a joint with means for retaining an external dissimilar element, e.g., a panel.
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for road structure limited to highway or walkway use. Structure of general utility, and particularly where Class 52 provides a specific subclass locus for such structure - is classified in Class 52.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,
15+, for bank, shore, or bed protecting structures (e.g., revetments, breakwaters, etc.); subclasses 52+ for fluid control structures (dams, dikes, canals, channels, etc.); subclasses 132+ for underground shaft and tunnel construction; subclasses 195.1+ for miscellaneous static marine structures; subclasses 229+ for foundations not provided for elsewhere; and subclasses 258+ for earth treating or control structures (e.g., retaining walls, sheet piles, etc.).
410, Freight Accommodation on Freight Carrier,
129+, for load bracing panels or movable or removable bulkheads.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, for a stock material product or article of that class not having either a physical feature for cooperation with another panel structure or mechanical means for connecting plural components of the panel, and see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, in the main definition of Class 428. 432, Heating,
247+, for chamber structure specialized to heating, and see the search note for Furnaces, in References to Other Classes, herein.
446, Amusement Devices: Toys,
85+, for construction toys; and subclasses 476+ for toy buildings.
454, Ventilation, for buildings having means for directing air in a desired internal path or including air flow compelling means and see Subclass References to the Current Class, above, regarding a ventilating structure with air directing or controlling features other than mere windows.
607, Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application,
81+, for a cabinet having features for treating a patient by light, heat, or electrical effects.
GLOSSARY:
ARCHITRAVE
The finish around and extending away from a door or window opening.
BACKER Means forming an extended surface against which a settable material is cast, e.g., troweled, spread, poured etc., the material when set forming a wear surface or facing.
BARRIER
A construction forming an extended indefinite surface preventing or inhibiting the passage of persons or things, e.g., wall, ceiling, floor, roof or cover.
BLOCK
A module whose depth is substantial relative to its length and height and which in use forms a stable load-bearing member.
COVER
Generally synonymous with "roof" but used where "roof" in some instances may be inapt, e.g., a covering supported by an article, a canopy, a man-hole closure, etc.
DISPARATE ARTICLE
An article which does not form an essential component of a building construction of plural components, but is in the nature of an adjunct having no essential load-bearing, supporting, joining or protective function.
ENCLOSURE
Means surrounding an area or volume to be occupied by persons, animals or goods.
ENTRANCE An opening for persons or things, but not for a fluid or a mass of particles having a fluid like characteristic.
FACER OR FACING (SEE MODULE)
An element or structure which (1) forms an exposed surface section of a barrier or (2) the panel held by a frame, a framing element or an elongated sustainer, e.g., the movable closure part of a door or window. In the latter respect it differs from a module in that it is not used in repetition to form an extended surface.
FLASHING
Thin sheet of material covering or extending into a joint to deflect liquid from the joint.
LOAD-BEARING
A construction or component which is sufficiently strong and rigid to act as the primary support for other constructions or components against gravity or to resist transverse loading (see sustainer).
MODULAR
A construction utilizing modules.
MODULE
A component of building construction, usually designated by terms such as; brick, block, slab, panel, tile, sheet, precast monolith, etc., which when assembled in repetitious juxtaposition with other such preformed shapes (with or without interposed connecting means or material) define a surface of a construction, e.g., of a wall, ceiling or floor. MONOLITH
A structure erected in situ by casting a water-settable composition, e.g., plaster or concrete.
PANEL (SEE MODULE)
The term panel is used to denote a thin rigid sheetlike structure which may not be disclosed as used repetitiously, e.g., table top or pane.
PORTAL
Structure defining an opening through a barrier for the passage of light, air, persons or things, e.g., the framing for a door or a window opening.
PREFORM OR PRESHAPE
A component of a building construction which is in completed form before its use at the job site. (Compare Module).
REBAR
An art term for a concrete reinforcing rod. A rebar chair is a device for spacing a rebar from a concrete form.
REINFORCEMENT, EMBEDDED
A body placed within and covered by a cast material or a foraminous member wherein the holes are filled by a cast material. REVEAL
The sides of a door or window opening between the faces of the barrier.
ROOF (SEE COVER)
A rigid cover extending above and supported by the uppermost termini of walls or columns.
SETTABLE MATERIAL
A component which is applied or formed in a fluent condition but sets or hardens in the final product, e.g., concrete, cement or plaster.
SHAFT (SEE SUSTAINER)
A member which has a limited closed periphery and which is greatly elongated relative to its length. It is generic to "sustainer" in that it may not have a load bearing function.
SPECIFIED
The subclass definition must be referred to.
STIFFENER Means embedded in cast material or extending between sustainers or load bearing components which act to strengthen a construction in contradistinction to acting as a primary load-bearing or bend-resisting member.
SUSTAINER
A rigid member or construction having a limited closed periphery which is (1) greatly elongated relative to any lateral dimension (2) resists transverse loading and (3) supports or retains other components of a building construction, e.g., stud, joist, beam, or column.
TENDON
A tensioned strandlike component of a unit which places the principal part of the unit under compression.
TILE
A thin, relatively rigid module which when applied repetitiously in edge-to-edge relationship to a backing surface forms an exposed facing