US PATENT SUBCLASS 428 / 304.4
.~ Composite having voids in a component (e.g., porous, cellular, etc.)

Current as of: June, 1999
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428 /   HD   STOCK MATERIAL OR MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES

221  DF  WEB OR SHEET CONTAINING STRUCTURALLY DEFINED ELEMENT OR COMPONENT {9}
304.4.~ Composite having voids in a component (e.g., porous, cellular, etc.) {14}
305.5  DF  .~.~> With chemically effective material or specified gas other than air, N, or carbon dioxide in void-containing component
306.6  DF  .~.~> Void-containing component partially impregnated with adjacent component {3}
309.9  DF  .~.~> With internal element bridging layers, nonplanar interface between layers, or intermediate layer of commingled adjacent foam layers
310.5  DF  .~.~> With gradual property change within a component
311.11  DF  .~.~> Void-containing component has a continuous matrix of fibers only (e.g., porous paper, etc.) {2}
312.2  DF  .~.~> Inorganic matrix in void-containing component {3}
313.3  DF  .~.~> Preformed hollow element-containing {3}
314.2  DF  .~.~> Void shape specified (e.g., crushed, flat, round, etc.)
314.4  DF  .~.~> Voids specified as closed {1}
315.5  DF  .~.~> Voids specified as micro {2}
316.6  DF  .~.~> Plural void-containing components
317.1  DF  .~.~> With component specified as adhesive or bonding agent {3}
317.9  DF  .~.~> Void-containing component contains also a solid fiber or solid particle
318.4  DF  .~.~> With nonvoid component of specified composition {3}

DEFINITION

Classification: 428/304.4

Composite having voids in a component (e.g., porous, cellular, etc.):

(under subclass 221) Subject matter which consists of at least two components, at least one of which has internal spaces either containing at least a gas and/or devoid of identifiable contents.

(1) Note. This subclass and its indented subclasses have been established to provide a search field for those inventions in stock material in which the void-containing nature of a component is the essence of the invention; thus, to be classified in this group of subclasses, the void-containing nature of the component must either (a) be expressed explicitly in a claim, (b) be necessary for a claimed utility of the product or (c) be disclosed in the specification and be incorporatable into the claims to resolve an ambiguity in the claims.

(2) Note. The designation of a component as porous, cellular or permeable will be construed as void-containing.

(3) Note. A porous layer or component having an impervious skin thereon will be considered to have two components for purposes of this subclass, the skin being one of the components or layers.

(4) Note. An impregnated material is assumed not to contain voids and must be disclosed or claimed as still containing porosity in order to warrant placement in this or indented subclasses. Thus, paper is not considered to be a void-containing component unless it is specified as being porous or permeable.

(5) Note. The inclusion in a component of hollow or porous fibers or particles will be assumed to make the component a void-containing component only when it is clearly disclosed that the fibers or particles maintain their hollowness or porosity after being compounded into the component.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 131+, for a web, sheet or layer with rectilinear through openings (apertures) which may render the product inherently porous.

188, for a web or sheet including an elongated tubular cell located between and lying with its axis substantially parallel to the nonthickness surfaces of the web or sheet.

320.2+, for a composite having a component which includes filled "voids".

323+, for a composite sheet or web including a particulate layer.

357+, for a mass or single layer of or containing, elements which may by inherently porous or cellular or wherein the disposition of the elements renders the product porous or cellular but wherein such porosity is not claimed.

550, 566 and 613, for similar subject matter which is all metal or comprises adjacent metals.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS

34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,

95+, for a drying device (e.g., blotter) which includes a porous and therefore liquid-adsorbent sheet.

106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for a porous or void-containing composition of that type, even in the form of a single layer sheet or web which lacks any other definite structural features. See particularly

40+, 122, 601+, and 672+. 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,

77+, for a method of forming pores in a lamina during or subsequent to lamination.

181, Acoustics,

284+, for a web or sheet with either internal or external structure, which structure is disclosed as provided for the purpose of muffling sound.

210, Liquid Purification or Separation,

500.1+, for material peculiarly adapted for use as a liquid separation filter and see Relation to Material or Composition Classes of the definition of this class (428).

252, Compositions,

62, for heat or sound insulating compositions.

501, Compositions: Ceramic,

39, and 80+ for pore-forming compositions.

521, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,

50+, for methods of making a cellular resin product and such products, even in the form of a single layer web or sheet, which lack definite structural features. 604, Surgery,

358+, for diapers and absorbent pad materials.