This is the residual class for processes and apparatuses for the manufacture of a book(*) its associated elements, including the assembly of any or all its elements to each other or to the book(*). The term book(*) as well as its associated elements are defined in the Glossary of Terms.
GLOSSARY:
The following words, terms, or phrases have been defined in an effort to maintain consistency as to their meaning and also to minimize space in the titles and definitions. Each word, term, or phrase will be followed by an asterisk (*) to indicate that reference should be made to this glossary for its specific meaning.
(1) Note. The terms making and manufacturing appearing in the glossary terms, titles, or definitions of this class are considered synonymous and may be used interchangeably.
BOOK(*)
A book consists of two or more sheets(*) secured together either: (a) only at their margins; or (b) only at a restricted field within the margins; or (c) only at their margins and at a restricted field within the margins. When a margin of one sheet is attached to a margin of another sheet(*) to obtain in effect a single sheet(*) or greater area, the resulting article is still regarded as a sheet(*) rather than a book. A folded sheet is not considered to be a book. Book and bound book are synonomous terms and in both, a covering member has not yet been applied. See this Glossary for the definition of the term completed book(*).
BACK(*)
The back is that portion of a book formed where and when the sections of it are united by sewing, stitching(*), or stapling. The term back is sometimes erroneously used to describe the portion of the outer covering member which encloses the back, but the term spine(*) is preferred for this portion of the covering member.
BACKING(*) The book making operation referring to the step for making the back(*) of the book(*), wherein the back(*) has been previously sewn and glued, whereby the back edge of the sheets(*), signatures(*), quires(*), etc., which make up the book(*) are splayed outwards from the center of the book(*) and gives the back(*) a convex shape. This adds to the permanence of the back and provides an abutment for the
boards in the book(*) covering member. Rounding and backing(*) are considered synonymous for purposes of the terms of this Glossary.
COMPLETED BOOK(*)
A book(*) which has had its covering member attached.
CRASH(*)
A loose weave binding cloth which is generally applied with adhesive to the back(*) of a bound book(*) as a reinforcing material prior to the application of the book(*) covering member.
END SHEETS(*)
The sheet(*) of paper at the front(*) and end of a book(*) overlaying the inner sides of the boards of the covering member serving with the linings(*) to secure the book(*) to its associated covering member.
FRONT(*)
The first page or first sheet(*) of a book(*).
FREE EDGE(*)
The edge or edges of the bound book(*) which are not involved with the fastening together of the sheets(*), etc., into the book(*). The free edge is opposite the back(*) e.g., where the binding, stitching(*), sewing, etc. is located; the other edges are known as the head, i.e., the top edge and foot or bottom edge also known as the tail. JACKET
A protective structure, e.g., dust cover, assembled to but not fastened to a completed book(*).
LINING(*)
The material used for or process of reinforcing the back(*) of a bound book(*) by gluing a strip of the material to the back(*) of the book.
PAGE(*)
A side of a sheet(*).
QUIRE(*)
A term of art meaning 24 sheets(*) of paper.
SHEET(*)
A body, usually paper, having two parallel surfaces both
dimensions of which are large in comparison with the third dimension of the body. Sheets can be printed on or blank.
SIGNATURE(*) A book(*) section, composed of a plurality of sheets having a common fold; thus, the term signature is usually used synonymously in this class with sheets(*) and quires(*) to indicate printed or unprinted matter which is being fastened together at the edges to form a bound book(*).
SPINE(*)
The hollow or portion of the covering member which connects the boards.
STITCHING(*)
The process of fastening together sheets(*), signatures(*), or quires(*) at one edge thereof to form a bound book(*). Usually this is done by sewing with needle and thread, but this may be done by a similar fastening operation.