US PATENT CLASS 352
Class Notes
Current as of: June, 1999
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DEFINITION
Classification: 352/
This class includes structure motion picture cameras, which record motion picture cameras, upon a single actuation a series of individual photographs which are separated in time. Generally the recording rate is related to the persistence of vision when the photograph series is used to accurately portray an action. However, special types of cameras are included which record the picture series at rates differing greatly from the normal persistence of vision time so as to produce a series of pictures of utility other than the creation of a motion illusion or to create a motion illusion with the rate of motion greatly exaggerated.
Included in this class are exhibitors which display motion pictures and the motion picture carriers for use in the exhibitors. The exhibitors may display the motion pictures by either affording the viewer a direct view of the pictures with or without the aid of optical magnifiers, or optically projecting a real image of the pictures on a surface which is visible to the viewers. The exhibitors display the individual pictures of the motion picture series sequentially at such a rate that due to the persistence of vision of the viewer an illusion of motion is created. The individual pictures of the
motion picture series may be carried on an opaque or transparent base, which may be in the form of a strip, a disc, a drum or individual plates.
Motion picture cameras and/or projectors with perfecting structure are also included in this class. Examples of this perfecting structure are, sound accompaniment, natural color structure, stereoscopic structure, panoramic structure, special effect producing structure, special optical structure permitting plural fields of view, removable magazines, film rewinding structure, focusing structure, automatically controlled diaphragms, plural lens selectors, film strip fire prevention and isolation structure, loop formers, structure for framing and/or eliminating travel ghosts, special housings, and special supports.
Plural arrangements of motion picture apparatus, and motion picture apparatus which is combined with or convertible to other devices are also provided for in this class. Examples of such apparatus specifically provided for are sound accompanied motion picture apparatus with selectively operable plural records, recorders, or reproducers; motion picture apparatus combined with a manned vehicle; and motion picture cameras which convert to motion picture projectors or still cameras.
Subcombinations of motion picture apparats not otherwise provided for, such as film gates and motion picture shutters, are included here.
Included also are certain accessories related to motion picture apparatus such as sound stages, prompting devices, attachments and sets for the production of special effects, and film treating and working apparatus.
Methods of recording and exhibiting motion pictures, methods of using motion pictures for other than the creation of a motion illusion for entertainment such as for the analysis of motion, and methods of carrier treating and working are included here.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE
Certain devices which are quasi-motion picture in nature are not classified here. Certain picture exhibitors in which a portion of the picture is made so as to move or to create an illusion of motion but without the sequential presentation of individual pictures are classified in Class 40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting especially subclasses 427+. Cameras which convert an optical image to an electrical analog for electrical storage (e.g., magnetic tape) and exhibitors which operate from such an analog are classified in Class 348, Television, subclasses 207+ and 739+.
MOTION PICTURE COMPONENTS AND SUBCOMBINATIONS CLASSIFIED
ELSEWHERE
Intermittent feed mechanism of the type used in motion picture devices are classified in Class 226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, especially subclasses 52+, if they are of general utility. Reeling and unreeling means of the type employed in motion picture devices are classified in Class 242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses 324+ for a holder (e.g., spool, cartridge) for a motion picture camera; see, too, 67.1+, for winding machines and 68+, for holders and holder-supporters of general utility, respectively.
Stands for motion picture projectors without specific cooperation with the projector are classified in Class 248, Supports, subclass 637. For alarms responsive to breakage of motion picture film see Class 340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 675.
Class 359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, provides for lens mounts in motion picture devices where the motion picture device is only nominally set forth.
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS
In general there is not specific place for the methods and apparatus of manufacturing motion picture apparatus other than the general manufacturing steps for the component parts (e.g., Class 409, Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, for the manufacture of gears used in motion picture devices or Class 451, Abrading, subclasses 42+ for the grinding of lens components used in motion picture devices). However, the chemical developing and processing of motion picture film is classified in Class 430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof.
STILL PICTURE CAMERAS
Photos:graphic cameras which use light to record a single picture for each actuation are classified in Class 396, Photography.
STILL PICTURE EXHIBITORS AND PROJECTORS Devices for exhibiting single photographs are provided for in Class 40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, if the picture is viewed directly or with a simple magnifier. Class 353, Optics: Image Projectors, has devices which project a real image on a viewing surface where no positive recitation such as "a motion picture projector" or structure definitive of a motion picture mechanism is set forth in the claims.
RADIATION, IMAGERY FILM
Radiation imagery film is classified in Class 430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof, subclasses 496+.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,
446+, for exhibitors which change the displayed picture without motion illusion and subclasses 427+ for displays with the illusion of motion (See MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE above).
74, Machine Element or Mechanism,
436, for Geneva type gearing.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length for the apparatus and processes of advancing material, including motion picture film, of indeterminate-length.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, 324+, for unwinding and rewinding a machine convertible information carrier; e.g., an image bearing carrier.
348, Television,
207+, and 739+ for television. See also MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE above.
353, Optics: Image Projectors, for an image projector which projects an image with no illusion of motion of the image.
355, Photocopying,
78+, for contact printing apparatus and processes.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
642+, for lenses for motion picture cameras.
362, Illumination,
257+, for illuminating projectors.
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval,
100+, for optical storage or retrieval of an audio signal. 396, Photography, for cameras which use light to record a single picture for each actuation.
399, Electrophotography,
9+, for diagnostics, subclasses 38+ for controls, subclasses 130+ for image formation, subclasses 168+ for charging, subclasses 177+ for exposure, subclasses 222+ for
development, subclasses 297+ for transfer, subclasses 320+ for fixing, subclasses 343+ for cleaning, and subclasses 361+ for document handling.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof, for the chemical aspects of radiation imagery, including post imaging processing and chemically defined radiation imagery compositions and elements.
GLOSSARY:
APERTURE PLATE
A portion of the gate which confines the recorded image to a single frame in a motion picture camera gate or confines the projected light beam to a single frame in a motion picture projector.
CAMERA, MOTION PICTURE
A device for photos:graphically recording periodically a series of images of an object upon a single actuation.
CARRIER, MOTION PICTURE
The vehicle for the individual pictures of a motion picture series, generally a flexible strip. DISSOLVE
The gradual diminishing of the intensity of an image until it is no longer recognizable.
FRAME
The space or area on a motion picture carrier normally occupied by one picture of a motion picture series.
GATE
A portion of a motion picture device which positions the motion picture carrier in the plane of focus of the optical system of the motion picture device.
LOOP
A slack portion of a motion picture film strip useful to isolate tensionally derived speed variations.
MOTION PICTURE
A pictorial representation of objects which change position with time comprising a plurality of pictures in which objects are incrementally displaced in successive pictures corresponding to a displacement in time, the plurality of pictures being displayed sequentially at such a rate that they create, due to the persistence of vision, an illusion of
motion to the viewer.
MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS Instruments and machines for use in recording or reproducing motion pictures, and includes cameras, projectors, and carriers.
MOTION PICTURE SEQUENCE
A plurality of individual pictures presented at such a rate as to produce a motion picture.
OPTICAL AXIS
The path taken by a central ray of a light beam as it passes into the motion picture camera or from the motion picture.
PROJECTOR, MOTION PICTURE
A device which forms a real optical image of successive elements of a motion picture sequence at such a rate that an illusion of motion is produced due to the persistence of vision.
SHUTTER
An element of a motion picture device which interrupts the light to provide the sequential recording or presentation of the motion picture image.
TRANSDUCER
A device which converts one form of energy to another. The term generally used in this class in the recording or reproducing of sound accompaniment and denotes such devices as a magnetic pick up or electro-mechanical phonograph pick up.
TRAVEL GHOST A fault of a motion picture projection caused by presentation of the individual picture in a motion picture sequence before the picture has come to rest. In projector systems this superfluous image is of a lesser light intensity.