This is the generic class for electric lamp and electric space discharge device structure.
Examples of such devices are electric incandescent lamps, gas or vapor filled electric discharge tubes, including lamps, mercury arc devices, vacuum discharge tubes, radio tubes, cyclotrons, cathode-ray tubes, photosensitive discharge devices, secondary emission electron multipliers, spark plugs, and open air arc and spark devices.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES
For specific class references where not provided in the
sections below, see References to Other Classes that refer to the particular section title.
A. LAMPS AND DISCHARGE DEVICE STRUCTURE CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERe
1. X-ray Tubes And Targets - See References to Other Classes.
2. Insulators With Arcing Devices - See References to Other Classes.
3. Lightning Arresters - Class 313 includes lightning arresters where the only structure is an arc or spark gap. Excluded are lightning arresters which include an arc or spark gap in combination with an impedance element such as a resistance, or inductance. Also excluded are arc or spark gap arresters in combination with a circuit maker or breaker such as a thermostatic switch or fuse. Excluded from Class 313 are the lightning arresters of the arc or spark gap type which are designed to have the electrodes brought into physical contact upon a prolonged discharge or which are provided with a material, such as, a fusible substance which melts and flows between the electrodes to short-circuit the electrodes upon a prolonged discharge. Among the excluded types of lightning arresters is the type including a mass of particulate particles, each particle being insulated from the other, usually by a coating upon the surface of the particle. When a discharge passes from particle to particle, the surface material becomes conductive making a short-circuit through the mass. If the particles remain conductively insulated and the current is transmitted through the mass of particles by the arc or spark, then the device is included within the scope of Class 313.
For the excluded types of lightning arresters see References to Other Classes, below.
4. Electric Lamp Provided With Structure For Holding A Material To Be Heated - See References to Other Classes.
5. Molecular Or Atomic Beam Devices - See References to Other Classes.
6. Mass Spectrometers- See References to Other Classes.
7. Electron Microscopes- See References to Other Classes.
8. Cathode Ray Oscillographs- See References to Other Classes.
9. Consumable Electrode Discharge Devices (E.g., Arc Lamps, Etc.)- See References to Other Classes.
10. Lamps And Discharge Devices Having A Circuit Element Included Therein
An electromagnet connected in circuit with an electrode does not prevent classification of a lamp or space discharge device in Class 313 if the electromagnet is an operator for moving an electrode or if the electromagnet generates a magnetic flux which influences the operation of the lamp or space discharge device (see Subclass References to the Current Class, below). The inherent resistance of an electrode, although significant to the operation of the device, is not considered a circuit element such as would prevent classification in Class 313. Also See References to Other Classes.
11. Discharge Devices Structurally Combined With And In Circuit Relation With Incandescent Lamps- See References to Other Classes. 12. Discharge Devices Having The Cathode Heater Or Other Structurally Combined Heater In Circuit Relation Therewith- See References to Other Classes.
13. Gas Pumps And Fans- See References to Other Classes.
B. LAMP AND DISCHARGE DEVICE SYSTEMS
This class does not include electric systems for supplying electric current and/or potential to electric lamps or to discharge devices.
Patents which claim a lamp or discharge device having electrodes which are adapted to have current or potential impressed upon the electrodes or which claim a lamp or discharge device with means recited broadly (no specific means, such as a battery, source etc.., being included) to impress current or potential on the electrodes are classified in this class as lamps or discharge devices unless some circuit elements are claimed which positively limit the claims to a system rather than to a lamp or discharge device, per se. However, where the relative potentials between the electrodes are claimed, the patent is classified as a system.
For example, a claim to a discharge device having an anode adapted to be maintained at a high positive potential, a control electrode adapted to be maintained at a low negative potential, and a cathode adapted to be maintained at ground potential will be excluded from this class and will be found in the appropriate system class.
For discharge devices and lamp systems, see References to Other Classes, below.
C. METHOD OF OPERATING LAMPS OR DISCHARGE DEVICE
Patents which claim a method of operating a lamp or discharge device are excluded from this class and will be found in the class which provides for the system which is required to
operate the device. See above for the classification of electric lamp and discharge device systems. Also See References to Other Classes, below.
D. METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR SUBJECTING OBJECTS, ARTICLESAND MATERIALS TO RAY ENERGY OR ELECTRONS OR IONS GENERATED BYDISCHARGE DEVICES OR LAMPS
Class 313 does not include either processes or apparatus for subjecting materials, articles or objects to the ray energy (e.g., ultraviolet light, X-rays, etc..) or to electrons, ions, arcs or sparks generated by electric lamps or discharge devices. For such methods and apparatus, see References to Other Classes, below.
E. COMBINED WITH A SUPPORT
Where the support is a casing, jacket, electrical connector (e.g., socket) or includes means for modifying the temperature of the lamp or discharge device, see below.
Lamps including discharge device lamps combined with a supporting means for the lamp are excluded from Class 313.
Class 313 is the generic class for discharge devices in combination with supporting means for the discharge device.
Also See References to Other Classes, below.
F. COMBINED WITH TEMPERATURE MODIFYING MEANS
1. With Enclosing Casing Or Jacket:
Class 313 is a generic class for all discharge devices where significant discharge device structure is claimed in combination with a jacket, casing or enclosure having means to modify the temperature of the discharge device. (See Subclass References to the Current Class, below.)
Included in Class 313 are all lamps, per se, and discharge devices, per se, which are provided with a double walled envelope or two sealed enclosing envelopes, the second envelope being an integral part of the lamp or discharge device structure, the space between the two envelope portions being evacuated or filled with heat transfer or insulating means to modify the temperature of the lamp or discharge device. (See Subclass References to the Current Class, below.)
See References to Other Classes, below.
2. Lamp, Discharge Devices, And Envelopes Therefor With Temperature Modifying Means Class 313, provides for all lamp and discharge device
structures, per se, where significant lamp or discharge device structure is claimed and which include means for modifying the temperature of the lamp or discharge device, excepting lamps and discharge devices of the consumable electrode type which are classified elsewhere. (See References to Other Classes, below.)
See above when the lamp or discharge device is provided with a separable casing, jacket, or enclosure and which include means to modify the temperature of the lamp or discharge device, and also see above with respect to photocells provided with temperature modifying means where no significant photocell structure is claimed.
See Class 313 for lamp and discharge device structure which include means for modifying the temperature of the lamp or discharge device. Included are lamp and discharge devices, per se, having heating means for raising the temperature of the device, devices with electrodes provided with cooling ducts or heat radiators, devices with means to modify the temperature of the envelope, including double walled envelopes or two sealed enclosing envelopes with a heat conducting or heat insulating medium (including vacuum) in the space between the two envelope walls, devices with heat conducting or insulating members, etc.. Also included is the structure of electrodes for lamps and discharge devices which are provided with means to modify the temperature of the electrode (e.g., electrodes with cooling fins, fluid ducts, heat transmission means, etc..).
Excluded from Class 313 are mere envelopes, for electric lamps or discharge devices provided with temperature modifying means where no significant lamp or discharge device structure is claimed.
Parts of lamps and discharge devices, such as electrode clamps or electrical connectors provided with heat modifying means are classified with the appropriate device, e.g., with the clamp or connector, etc..
G. COMBINED WITH A SEPARABLE CASING, JACKET, SHIELD, ORENVELOPE PROTECTIVE MEANS
Where the lamp or discharge device and casing or jacket includes means to modify the temperature of the lamp or discharge device, see above.
See below with respect to the classification of lamps and discharge devices provided with an envelope or a nonseparable casing or jacket.
Class 313 is a generic class for the combination of significant discharge device structure and a separable casing jacket, shield or enclosure, or envelope protective means and provides for all discharge devices other than lamps which are not otherwise classified where significant discharge device structure is claimed in combination with a casing, jacket,
shield, or envelope protective means. Included in Class 313 are all lamps which have a double wall envelope where the second envelope which encloses the first envelope is integrally united with the first envelope so that the two envelope walls constitute an integral structure. Where the second envelope wall is not integral with the lamp envelope, that is, it is removable therefrom, the patent is excluded from Class 313 and will be found elsewhere. The combination of an envelope, box or housing (such as a lamp or discharge device envelope) and either a separable or integral casing or housing where electrical features are claimed is classified elsewhere. (See References to Other Classes, below.)
See Class 313 for lamps and discharge devices which have an integral double wall envelope; for discharge devices having an envelope and a casing or jacket therefor; for where the discharge device is provided with an electrical shield and for other discharge devices provided with a casing or jacket. (See Subclass References to the Current Class, below.) Also See References to Other Classes.
H. COMBINED WITH OPTICAL DEVICE OR HAVING SPECIAL RAYTRANSPARENT ENVELOPE (E.G., FILTER, REFLECTOR, LENS, LIGHTDISTRIBUTOR OR MODIFIER LIGHT SHIELD, LIGHT SHADE,ULTRAVIOLET RAY TRANSPARENT PORTION, OR LIGHT OBSCURINGMEANS).
Class 313 provides for all lamps and discharge devices which have an integral part of the lamp an optical means combined therewith or which are provided with an envelope at least a portion of which is made of a glass or material especially designed to transmit a particular portion of the spectrum, such as ultraviolet, infrared, or only a restricted portion of the visible spectrum. This includes lamps and discharge devices with light filters, reflectors, refractors, etc.. within the envelope of the lamp or coated upon or forming a part of the envelope of the lamp. See Class 313 for this art. See this class (313) for lamps and discharge devices where the claims are limited to the envelope being made of a glass or other material (e.g., quartz) which transmits a particular portion of the spectrum or a restricted portion of the spectrum. (See Subclass References to the Current Class, below.)
See below for the classification of envelopes, jackets, and casings, per se, for lamps and discharge devices.
Class 313 does not provide for any discharge devices or lamps where the optical device is separable from the lamp or discharge device, that is, it is not an integral part of the lamp or discharge device.
See References to Other Classes, below.
J. COMBINED WITH ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR STRUCTURE
Class 313 provides for the combination of all electric lamps and discharge devices where significant lamp or discharge device structure is recited in combination with an electric connector for connecting the lamp or discharge device in an electric circuit. See Class 313 where the lamp or discharge device is combined with a separable or detachable electric connector (e.g., a socket) and where the lamp or discharge device is provided with an electrical connector which is a part of the lamp or discharge device (e.g., a base on the lamp). (See Subclass References to the Current Class, below.)
1. Lamps And Discharge Devices Combined With A Separable Electric Connector
This class (Class 313), Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices) provides for the combination of an electrical lamp with a base or socket including a filament, or other reference to electrodes of the lamp.
See References to Other Classes. 2. Lamps And Discharge Devices Which Include Electrical Connector Structure
For reference to lamps and discharge devices with a base, where no electrical connector structure is involved, see below and References to Other Classes.
3. Electrodes Combined With Connector Structure
Class 313 includes all electrodes for electric lamps and discharge devices where significant lamp or discharge device electrode structure is claimed in combination with an electrical connector for the electrode, or where the electrode is provided with electrical connector structure. Merely reciting that the electrode is a metallic or nonmetallic rod or wire, or that the electrode has a particular cross-section where the connector is attached to the connector is not considered to be significant electrode structure.
See References to Other Classes, below.
K. ENVELOPES, CASINGS AND JACKETS FOR LAMPS AND DISCHARGEDEVICES
Class 313 provides for the combination of electric lamps and discharge devices which are provided with a envelope, and for electric lamps and discharge devices which are provided with a casing or jacket which is an integral part of the lamp or discharge device. Class 313 provides for lamps and discharge devices where the claims are limited to the envelope being made of a glass or other material (e.g., quartz) which transmits a particular portion of the spectrum or a restricted portion of the spectrum. See Class 313 for lamps and discharge devices with envelopes, and for discharge
devices and lamps with casings or jackets. (See Subclass References to the Current Class, below.)
See discharge devices which are provided with separable casing, jacket, shield or envelope protective means, and References to Other Classes, below.
1. With Attached Base
Where the attached base includes electrical connector means see above and References to Other Classes, below.
2. With Lead-in Structure Boxes, housings, and envelopes for electrical devices including electric lamps and discharge devices where the box, housing or envelope includes means to couple a conductor to the box, housing, or envelope, or has means for passing a lead-in conductor into the box or housing are classified elsewhere. Boxes, housings, and envelopes which are provided with other significant electrical structure or which are claimed as having an electrical device therein where no significant characteristics of the electrical device are recited are elsewhere. (See References to Other Classes, below.)
Note that if the lead-in conductors are of such rigidity to form contacts (usually plug-type contacts), the device is classified elsewhere unless significant structure of the device in addition to the connector structure is recited as pointed out above. Any specification of electric lamp or discharge device structure in addition to naming the type of lamp or discharge device will cause classification of the patent in Class 313. Where the claims are drawn to an electrical device broadly defined within the envelope, the patent is classified elsewhere. Claims which are drawn to a discharge device or electric lamp or a particular type, such as a gas filled discharge device, or an incandescent lamp where only envelope and lead-in structures are claimed are classified elsewhere.
For lead-in and seal structure such as glass to metal seals, see below.
3. With Identifying Indicating Mark- See References to Other Classes.
4. Defined Only By Composition
Envelopes, jackets and casings which are defined only by their composition will be found in the appropriate composition class.- See References to Other Classes, below.
5. Structure- See References to Other Classes, below.
L. BUSHINGS, GLASS-TO-METAL SEALS AND LEAD-IN CONDUCTORS
See above for lamps and discharge devices which are provided with electrical connector means such as a base having prongs thereon and which sometimes include bushings or lead-in conductors for conducting electricity through the wall of the housing, jacket or envelope of the lamp or discharge device to the electrodes within the casing, jacket or envelope. See above for housings, jackets, and envelopes for electric lamps and discharge devices which are provided with lead-in or bushing structure for passing electric current through the wall of the housing, jacket, or envelope to the interior of the device.
See References to Other Classes, below.
M. ELECTRODES AND SHIELDS Class 313 provides for all electrodes and shields, per se, excepting the consumption feed type electrodes classified elsewhere. Class 313 includes electrodes and shields formed of two or more parts with a joint therebetween where significant electrode or shield structure is claimed. Electrodes which are limited by claimed structure to use in discharge devices (arc lamps) in which the feed or motion of one of the electrodes towards the other is accomplished by the destruction of the electrode or a portion thereof due to the discharge are classified elsewhere. (See References to Other Classes, below.)
Electrodes and shields which include no more structure than a base having one or more coatings thereon are excluded from Class 313. Merely naming the electrode or shield as a wire, filament, rod, ribbon or strand is not sufficient structure to cause classification in Class 313. Electrodes and shields which are defined only by their composition are excluded from this class. The excluded art relating to electrodes and shields will be found in the classes listed below:
1. Electrodes And Shields With Joints Therebetween
Where the only structure of the electrode or shield recited is that the electrode or shield is composed of two or more parts with means to join the parts together, the patents will be found in the appropriate class providing for the joint.
See References to Other Classes, below, for a reference to the classes which provide for joint structure.
Where an electrical feature is claimed in addition to the joint but no significant structure other than that required to make the joint is recited, the patent will be found elsewhere for the electrical connector structure. Where an electrode is composed of two rod-like portions and one portion is provided with a hollow screw threaded socket and the other is provided with the screw threaded end to fit into the socket, the patent is classified elsewhere. If the structure includes means such as a portion of higher electrical conductivity to insure good electrical contact
between the portions, the patent would be classified elsewhere.
See References to Other Classes, below.
2. Coated Electrodes Or Shields And Compositions- See References to Other Classes, below.
3. Methods And Apparatus For Manufacturing Electrodes- See References to Other Classes, below.
N. FLUORESCENT AND PHOSPHORESCENT COATING AND COMPOSITIONS
Class 313 provides for electric lamps and discharge devices where significant lamp or discharge device structure is claimed which include as a part thereof a fluorescent or phosphorescent material. See this class (313) for cathode-ray tubes which have a fluorescent or phosphorescent target and for other discharge devices and lamps having an electrode or the envelope coated with or containing a fluorescent or phosphorescent material, or which otherwise include as a part thereof a fluorescent or phosphorescent material. See References to Other Classes, below.
O. GETTERS AND GAS OR VAPOR GENERATING MATERIALS
Class 313, provides for all electric lamps and discharge devices which have combined therewith a getter or a gas or vapor generating material, irrespective of whether the getter or gas or vapor generating means, is to be used during the manufacture of the device, or to be used during the operation of the device, or to be used as needed after the device has been operated. Class 313 also provides for electrode structure combined with containers or receptacles for the getter or the gas or vapor generating material. For electrodes which involve significant electrode structure with a coating or a getter material thereon, see this class (313). For the classification of electrodes which involve only a base with a coating of a getter material thereon, or which involves only an electrode defined by its compositions, see above.
See Subclass References to the Current Class, below, and References to Other Classes, below.
P. DEFLECTION AND FOCUSING MAGNETS
Magnets provided with a plurality of coils to deflect the cathode ray in a plurality of directions, (e.g., vertically, and horizontally) are classified elsewhere. Magnets for focusing, concentrating or accelerating cathode rays even if the magnet is provided with a plurality of separate coils are elsewhere. Magnets for cathode-ray tubes which have a plurality of coils to generate both a deflecting field and a focusing, concentrating and/or accelerating field are classified in Class 313.
See References to Other Classes, below.
Q. INFRARED RAY GENERATORS
Class 313 does not provide for devices for converting electrical energy into infrared ray energy, excepting in special cases. Many lamps and discharge devices inherently generate infrared ray energy in their operation. Class 313 will take therefore, electric lamps and discharge devices which are stated to be for the purpose of generating infrared ray energy when such lamps and discharge devices are substantially identical in structure with lamps and discharge devices intended to generate visible light or ultraviolet light or other analogous ray energy. Class 313 will take such devices even though the device includes means for preventing light energy other than the infrared ray energy from being emitted, such as having the envelope wall formed of an opaque material. Such infrared ray generators are classified in Class 313 in the subclasses providing for the structure of the analogous lamp or discharge device, see especially where the lamp or discharge device has an envelope made of the material which is especially transparent to infrared ray energy and where the lamp or discharge device is provided with a light obscuring means such as an opaque coating on the envelope wall. (See Subclass References to the Current Class, below.)
Class 313 does not provide for the infrared generator in combination with a reflector, guard, support, separable casing, or jacket. For such excluded subject matter and other infrared ray generators see References to Other Classes, below.
R. METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING OR REPAIRINGELECTRIC LAMPS OR DISCHARGE DEVICES OR SALVAGING PARTSTHEREOF Class 313 does not provide for the processes or apparatus used either to manufacture or repair electric lamps or discharge devices. It should be noted, however, that Class 313 does provide for electric lamp and discharge devices which are provided with a getter, a gas or vapor generating means, or pressure regulating means, see above. (See Subclass References to the Current Class, below.)
S. SYSTEMS, APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR TESTING ELECTRIC LAMPSAND DISCHARGE DEVICES
See References to Other Classes.
T. RELATIONSHIP OF CLASSES 313 TO 445, ELECTRIC LAMP ORSPACE DISCHARGE COMPONENT OR DEVICE MANUFACTURING
In view of the statements in the above sections, the relationship between the classes and subclasses mentioned can be shown in schedule form thus:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices
314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable Electrodes
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems
445, Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or Device Manufacturing
U. DISTINCTION BETWEEN DISCHARGE DEVICES AND ELECTRICSWITCHES
Some types of electric switches are closely analogous in structure to some types of discharge devices. This is especially true with respect to the type of discharge device where the electrodes of the discharge device are placed in contact and then separated from each other to establish the discharge. Some types of switches include means, such as electromagnets, to extinguish the arc between the switch contacts when the switch is opened. Some types of discharge devices include means, such as electromagnets, to defect or otherwise alter the characteristics of the discharge between the electrodes. The distinction between electric switches and discharge devices, therefore, depends in some cases principally upon the disclosed purpose of the structure claimed by the patent. Where the discharge is only an incident to the separating of the switch contacts and the purpose of the structure is to open or close a circuit, the device will be considered an electric switch for the purpose of classification. When the electrodes are placed in physical contact to close the circuit, and separated from each other to interrupt the circuit, the device will be classified as a switch. Where the purpose of the claimed structure is to establish a space discharge by contacting the electrodes with each other and then separating the electrodes, the device is considered to be a discharge device for Class 313.
Excluded from Class 313 are devices which are designed normally to have a discharge between the electrodes and which include means operative after either prolonged use or overload to establish a short-circuit path from one of the electrodes to the other electrode so as to extinguish the space discharge. See above relative to lightning arresters of this type.
Switches which are somewhat analogous in structure to space discharge devices where the switch is provided with means to separate the switch contacts from each other to open the circuit, the switch structure including means to extinguish the space discharge formed when the switch contacts are opened, are classified elsewhere.
See References to Other Classes, below.
W. DISTINCTION BETWEEN DISCHARGE DEVICES AND ELECTRICCONDENSERS AND OTHER STATIC FIELD PRODUCING MEANS
Some types of space discharge devices are closely analogous in structure to some types of electric condensers and other static field producing devices. In these cases the device usually consists of two electrodes separated by air, gas, vapor or vacuum and are designed to have an electric potential impressed thereon. Where the device is intended to have a current flow between the electrodes either by ionization or by electron flow, the device is considered to be a space discharge device for Class 313. However, if the device is designed for use without ionization between the electrodes or without transmitting current by electron flow then the device will be excluded from Class 313 and found in the other appropriate class.
Most devices other than the electric condensers of the type referred to above which are excluded from Class 313 are devices for treating materials such as ozonizers, electrical precipitators, disinfecting and sterilizing apparatus.
The Classification of such devices is referred to above. Also See References to Other Classes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11+, for discharge devices where significant discharge device structure is claimed in combination with a jacket, casing or enclosure having means to modify the temperature of the discharge device.
11+, for lamp and discharge device structure which include means for modifying the temperature of the lamp or discharge device. Included are lamp and discharge devices, per se, having heating means for raising the temperature of the device, devices with electrodes provided with cooling ducts or heat radiators, devices with means to modify the temperature of the envelope, including double walled envelopes or two sealed enclosing envelopes with a heat conducting or heat insulating medium (including vacuum) in the space between the two envelope walls, devices with heat conducting or insulating members, etc.. Also included in subclasses 11+ is the structure of electrodes for lamps and discharge devices which are provided with means to modify the temperature of the electrode (e.g., electrodes with cooling fins, fluid ducts, heat transmission means, etc..). 25+, for all lamps, per se, and discharge devices, per se, which are provided with a double walled envelope or two sealed enclosing envelopes, the second envelope being an integral part of the lamp or discharge device structure, the space between the two envelope portions being evacuated or filled with heat transfer or insulating means to modify the temperature of the lamp or discharge device.
25+, 312, 315, 317+, and 634+ for lamps and discharge devices which have an integral double wall envelope.
49+, for a lamp or discharge device combined with a separable or detachable electric connector (e.g., a socket), and subclasses 318.01+ a lamp or discharge device provided with an electrical connector which is a part of the lamp or discharge device (e.g., a base on the lamp).
110+, for lamps and discharge devices with light filters, reflectors, refractors, etc.. within the envelope of the lamp or coated upon or forming a part of the envelope of the lamp.
112, for lamps and discharge devices where the claims are limited to the envelope being made of a glass or other material (e.g., quartz) which transmits a particular portion of the spectrum or a restricted portion of the spectrum.
112, for where the lamp or discharge device has an envelope made of the material which is especially transparent to infrared ray energy.
117, for where the lamp or discharge device is provided with a light obscuring means such as an opaque coating on the envelope wall.
152, for an electromagnet connected in circuit with an electrode if the electromagnet is an operator for moving an electrode.
153+, for an electromagnet connected in circuit with an electrode if the electromagnet generates a magnetic flux which influences the operation of the lamp or space discharge device.
174+, for electric lamp and discharge devices which are provided with a getter, a gas or vapor generating means, or pressure regulating means.
312, for discharge devices having an envelope and a casing or jacket therefor. 313, for a discharge device provided with an electrical shield.
317+, for lamps and discharge devices with envelopes.
324, for discharge devices and lamps with casings or jackets.
355, and the subclasses referred to in the notes thereto, for electrodes which involve significant electrode structure with a coating or a getter material thereon.
416+, for cathode-ray tubes which have a fluorescent or phosphorescent target.
421+, for magnets for cathode-ray tubes which have a plurality of coils to generate both a deflecting field and a focusing, concentrating and/or accelerating field. ("Deflection And Focusing Magnets")
483+, for other discharge devices and lamps having an electrode or the envelope coated with or containing a fluorescent or phosphorescent material, or which otherwise include as a part thereof a fluorescent or phosphorescent material.
549+, for all electric lamps and discharge devices which have combined therewith a getter or a gas or vapor generating material, irrespective of whether the getter or gas or vapor generating means, is to be used during the manufacture of the device, or to be used during the operation of the device, or to be used as needed after the device has been operated. Subclasses 549+ also provides for electrode structure combined with containers or receptacles for the getter or the gas or vapor generating material.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS
29, Metal Working, 825+, is the generic place for methods not elsewhere classified of mechanical manufacturing an electrical conductor or circuit and subclasses 745+ for corresponding apparatus. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Methods and Apparatus For Manufacturing Electrodes")
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,
228+, for consolidated metal powder compositions. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Bushings, Glass-to-Metal Seals and Lead-In Conductors".)
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,
228+, for metal stock, filaments and wire made of consolidated metal particles. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Coated Electrodes Or Shields And Compositions,")
116, Signals and Indicators,
216+, provides for lamp or discharge device envelopes or casings which are provided with an identifying mark which changes its appearance if the lamp or discharge device is used for an appreciable time. (Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, "With Identifying Indicating Mark")
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
47, is the generic place for methods not elsewhere classified of making electrical conductors of indefinite length. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Methods and Apparatus For Manufacturing Electrodes.")
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
99+, for methods of making laminated glass structures. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Defined Only By Composition") 165, Heat Exchange, takes patents claiming heat exchange apparatus combined with a device to be cooled or heated thereby if no structure of said device is included other than the structure necessary for cooperation with the heat exchange apparatus, the mere naming of the device as a lamp or discharge device will not be sufficient to exclude the patent from Class 165. See especially
47+, for a structurally installed heat exchanger; subclass 74 for a device to be heated or cooled projecting into and removably secured to a container for a heat exchange fluid; and subclass 80 for a removable device removably retained in a heat exchanger. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "With Enclosing Casing Or Jacket:")
165, Heat Exchange, for envelopes and casings provided with heat exchange means, including a mere metallic envelope defined as an anode or a similar electrode with heat exchange means;
177+, for a tubular structure with heat transfer means; and subclass 185 for a heat transmitter, per se. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Lamp, Discharge Devices, And Envelopes Therefor With Temperature Modifying Means")
173, Tool Driving Or Impacting, for lead-in conductors of such rigidity as to form contacts (usually plug-type contacts), unless significant structure of the device in addition to the connector structure is recited. Any specification of electric lamp or discharge device structure in addition to naming the type of lamp or discharge device will cause classification of the patent in Class 313.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, appropriate subclasses for the combination of an envelope, box or housing (such as a lamp or discharge device envelope) and either a separable or integral casing or housing where electrical features are claimed. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, G, "Combined With a Separable Casing, Jacket,
Shield, or Envelope Protective Means")
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, for an electrical device broadly defined within the envelope, the patent is classified in Class 174. See section 7 of the class definition of Class 174. Claims which are drawn to a discharge device or electric lamp or a particular type, such as a gas filled discharge device, or an incandescent lamp where only envelope and lead-in structures are claimed are classified in Class 174. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, K, "Envelopes, Casings And Jackets For Lamps And Discharge Devices")
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, is the generic class for boxes, housings, and envelopes for electrical devices including electric lamps and discharge devices where the box, housing or envelope includes means to couple a conductor to the box, housing, or envelope, or has means for passing a lead-in conductor into the box or housing. Class 174 also provides for boxes, housings, and envelopes which are provided with other significant electrical structure or which are claimed as having an electrical device therein where no significant characteristics of the electrical device are recited. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, K, "Envelopes, Casings And Jackets For Lamps And Discharge Devices")
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, generic class for boxes, casings, jackets, and envelope with lead-in conductors or means to couple conductors to the box, casing, or jacket; generic class for electrical device combined with casing, jacket, or shield; for lamp and discharge device envelopes with electrical connector structure; and for boxes and housings (e.g., envelopes and casings for lamp and discharge devices) with electric connector.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, provides for a mere housing, casing or envelope for an electrical device, such as a lamp or discharge device, where no significant structure of the device is claimed with means for modifying the temperature of the device and which has electrical features combined therewith, such as connector structure. See
15.1+, where the housing, casing or envelope is combined with means for feeding, circulating or distributing a temperature modifying fluid and see subclasses 50+ where the temperature modifying means for the housing, casing, or envelope does not require circulation of a fluid, as for example, by having heat radiating fins or a heat conductive path. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "With Enclosing Casing Or Jacket:") 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, is the generic class for the combination of an electrical device recited by name only (e.g., no significant characteristics of the device are recited, and the device may be a discharge device or
lamp) and the separable casing, jacket, shield or enclosure where electrical features are involved such as the lead-in conductors for the device. See section 7 of the class definition of Class 174 for the subclasses in Class 174 which provide for boxes, housings and envelopes in Class 174. These subclasses also provide for the combination with a separable casing, jacket, shield or enclosure where electrical features are claimed. Note especially
35, and 50.51 in Class 174. Class 174 provides for the combination of a lamp or discharge device and a box, housing, casing, jacket or other container. ("Combined With A Separable Casing, Jacket, Shield, Or Envelope Protective Means")
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, provides for envelopes designed for use with electrical devices, including those for electric lamps and space discharge devices, and which include electrical features (such as lead-in conductors for the lamp) but which do not include any significant characteristics of the electrical device, and means to modify the temperature of the device or envelope. See
15.1+, where the envelope is combined with means for feeding, circulating or distributing a temperature modifying fluid, and see subclasses 50.5+ where the temperature modifying means for the envelope does not require circulation of a fluid as, for example, by having heat radiating fins or a heat conductive path. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Lamp, Discharge Devices, And Envelopes Therefor With Temperature Modifying Means")
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,
17+, and 50+ for envelopes, boxes and housings for electric lamps and discharge devices which are of general utility and where electrical features are claimed which are provided with an electrical connector where significant structure of the box, housing or envelope is claimed in addition to the electrical connector structure; subclasses 17.08 and 50.52+ for hermetically sealed envelopes where significant structure of the envelope is recited in combination with electrical connector structure. These subclasses in Class 174 provide the envelopes having lead-in wires sealed therein which are designed to form contacts (usually plug type contacts) where structure of the envelope in addition to the lead-in wire structure is recited. Note especially subclass 50.53 where the envelope or seal for the envelope is formed of a conductive material and is used as the electrical connector for the device within the envelope. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, '' Lamps and Discharge Devices Which Include Electrical Connector Structure")
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,
140+, provides for insulators of the type designed to support electrical conductors for distribution systems (such as power
lines, telephone lines) which have combined there with arcing horns or electrodes for preventing concentration of the electrical stress between the conductor and the support for the insulator or to prevent arcs between the conductor and its support from discharging over the surface of or through the insulator. The structures in Class 174 are analogous to some of the arc and spark devices in this class in that they include two arc or spark electrodes which are insulated from each other by means of an insulator. However, the devices in Class 174 usually include some structure which is specialized to their use in supporting and insulating a distribution conductor with respect to the supporting means. Subclass 144 provides for the arcing devices, per se, especially designed for use with the insulators of subclasses 140 to 143. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Insulators With Arcing Devices")
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,
15+, for housings, casings, or envelopes for electrical devices (e.g., lamp or discharge devices) with means for modifying the temperature of the device; subclass 17 for boxes and housings with electric connector; subclass 17.08 for hermetically sealed envelope with electric connector; subclass 35 for miscellaneous electrical shields; subclasses 50+ for miscellaneous boxes and housings for electrical devices; subclass 50 for boxes and housings with electric connector; subclass 50.5 for hermetically sealed envelopes with lead-in conductors; subclass 50.51 for hermetically sealed envelope with separable casing or jacket; subclasses 50.52+ for hermetically sealed envelope with electrical connector; subclasses 140+, for line insulators with arcing device; subclass 144, for arcing device, per se, for line insulators; subclass 151 for insulators for passing conductors through walls or plates; and subclass 152 for electrical bushings. 174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, provides for a box or housing including a hermetically sealed envelope such as an envelope for an electric lamp or discharge device where electrical features are claimed in combination with a separable electric connector or socket. Class 174 provides for such a combination where significant features of the box or housing is recited in addition to the electrical connector features on the envelope or in the socket or separable connector. Note that in Class 174, in these subclasses, the electrical device in the box or housing may be recited by name only. See especially
17.08, and 50.52+ where the box or housing is a hermetically sealed envelope such as is used for electric lamps or discharge devices. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Lamps And Discharge Devices Combined With A Separable Electric Connector")
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,
151, provides for insulators for insulating a conductor from a wall through which the conductor extends. Subclass 152 provides for those devices known as bushings, in which a portion of the insulating element extends into the opening in the wall. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Bushings, Glass-to-Metal Seals and Lead-In Conductors")
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, is the generic class for boxes, housings, and envelopes for electrical devices including electric lamps and discharge devices where the box, housing or envelope includes means to couple a conductor to the box, housing, or envelope, or has means for passing a lead-in conductor into the box or housing. Class 174 also provides for boxes, housings, and envelopes which are provided with other significant electrical structure or which are claimed as having an electrical device therein where no significant characteristics of the electrical device are recited. See Class 174, Class Definition, Subclass References to the Current Class for the particular subclasses which provide for such boxes, housings and envelopes in Class 174, especially
50.5, and the subclasses specified in the Notes thereto where the box, housing or envelope is hermetically sealed including such devices as are made of ceramic, vitreous or nonmetallic plastic material (e.g., glass), and is provided with lead-in conductors for passing electric current into the interior. ( Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "With Lead-In Structure")
188, Brakes, provides, in
378+, for caps or jackets to be placed upon the envelope of a discharge device or a lamp to damp the vibrations thereof due to the inertia of the cap or jacket; and in subclass 381 for similar caps or jackets which damp the vibrations due to friction between the device and the cap or jacket; in both cases, wherein no significant features of the lamp or discharge device is claimed. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Combined With A Separable Casing, Jacket, Shield, Or Envelope Protective Means")
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, for switches distinguished from discharge devices.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers,
144, for switches which are somewhat analogous in structure to space discharge devices, where the switch is provided with means to separate the switch contacts from each other to open the circuit, the switch structure including means to extinguish the space discharge formed when the switch contacts are opened. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, U, "Distinction Between Discharge Devices and Electric Switches") 205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
50, for a product (other than one containing two or more contiguous metallic layers) produced by electrolysis involving electrolytic marking, battery electrode active material forming, electroforming, or electrolytic coating. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Coated Electrodes Or Shields And Compositions,")
219, Electric Heating, for infrared ray generators;
553, for the infrared generator in combination with a reflector, guard, support, separable casing, or jacket. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Q, "Infrared Ray Generators")
219, Electric Heating,
45, 407, and 521 for electric lamps for heating materials. In some of these lamps, the envelope is made in the form of a receptacle so that the heat from the lamp filament will heat a material in the receptacle. Other of the lamps have means provided in the lamp base for holding the material to be heated. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Electric Lamp Provided With Structure For Holding Material To Be Heated")
220, Receptacles, generic class for boxes, casings, jackets, and containers;
2.1+, provides for the combination of envelope structure with an attached base where no electrical features are claimed. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "With Attached Base")
220, Receptacles,
2.1+, are the generic place for the structure of the envelope, casing, or jacket for lamps and discharge devices where no significant electrical features are included. ("Structure")
220, Receptacles, is the miscellaneous class for boxes, housings, casings, jackets and other containers and provides for envelopes for lamps and discharge devices and the separable jackets, boxes, casings, for discharge devices other than lamps. Class 220 does not provide for the combination of a lamp or discharge device and a box, housing, casing, jacket or other container even though the lamp or discharge device is recited by name only. Such combinations are found elsewhere. See 2.1+, of Class 220 for the separable jackets, casings and housings for discharge devices in Class 220. Also see subclasses 2.1+ for the gas tight envelope structure of Class 220. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Combined With A Separable Casing, Jacket, Shield, Or
Envelope Protective Means")
250, Radiant Energy,
200+, for photo-electric controlled systems; subclasses 216+ for photocells with separable optical means; subclasses 238 for photocells with temperature modifying means; subclass 239 for photocells with a casing or housing; subs. 281+ for mass spectrometers for the separation or analysis of materials; subclass 311 for electron microscopes; subclasses 336.1+ for systems for utilizing a space detecting or measuring invisible ray energy; subclasses 324+, 432+, 453.1+, and 492.1 for methods and for apparatus subjecting objects and materials to electrons, ions, arcs, and sparks, and for methods and apparatus for treating objects and materials with ray energy; subclasses 423+ and 453.1+for invisible ray generators combined with a support; subclasses. 483.1+ for fluorescent and phosphorescent screens; subclasses 493.1+ for invisible ray generator combined with a separable casing and having temperature modifying means, for ultraviolet ray generators combined with a support, for ultraviolet ray generators with separable casing or jacket, for ultraviolet ray generator combined with a separable casing and having temperature modifying means, and for invisible ray generators with separable casing or jacket; subclasses 503.1+ for invisible ray generators with optical device, and for invisible ray generator with separable ray filter; and subclasses 522.1+ for casing and jackets limited to use with invisible ray generators.
250, Radiant Energy,
251, for devices for producing and propagating a unidirectional stream of neutral molecules or atoms through a vacuum, usually with thermal velocity, and/or for exciting such molecules and atoms at a resonance frequency (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Molecular Or Atomic Beam Devices")
250, Radiant Energy,
281+, for discharge Devices of the type used in the separation or the analysis of materials utilizing the mass to electric charge ratio of particles. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Mass Spectrometers")
250, Radiant Energy,
309, and 311.For discharge devices used to produce electrons or ions and having means for subjecting objects or materials to the electrons or ions, including electron microscopes, (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Electron Microscopes")
250, Radiant Energy, provides for invisible ray generators which are enclosed within a separable casing or housing and which are provided with means for modifying the temperature
of the ray generator where not provided for elsewhere. See 423+, for invisible radiant energy generation and sources. Subclass 238 provides for photocells including those of the discharge device type which include a separable casing or housing and means to modify the temperature of the photocell. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "With Enclosing Casing Or Jacket:")
250, Radiant Energy, provides for generators of invisible ray energy (e.g., ultraviolet ray) which have combined therewith a separable casing or jacket not provided for elsewhere. See
423+, for ion generation and subclasses 493.1+ for invisible radiant energy generation and sources. Subclass 239 provides for the combination of a photocell including those of the discharge type in combination with a separable casing or housing.(Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Combined With A Separable Casing, Jacket, Shield, Or Envelope Protective Means")
250, Radiant Energy,
503.1+, provides for invisible ray generators combined with a separable optical or ray modifying means where not classified elsewhere. Subclasses 216 to 236 provide for the combination of a photoelectric cell including those of the discharge device type in combination with separable optical means used to project light upon the photocell. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Combined With Optical Device Or Having Special Ray Transparent Envelope, etc..")
250, Radiant Energy,
336.1, for miscellaneous electric systems for detecting or measuring invisible ray energy (e.g., Geiger-Mueller counter systems, etc..); and subclasses 200+ for miscellaneous electric systems which are controlled by a photo-electric discharge device. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Gas Pumps And Fans, Lamp And Discharge Device Systems," for discharge devices and lamp systems.)
250, Radiant Energy, for the irradiation of material by nuclear or electromagnetic wave or particle radiation, especially
324+, for methods and apparatus to subject material to corona irradiation, subclasses 432+ for methods and apparatus to contained, supported or transferred material with an irradiating source for the material, subclasses 453.11+ for object supports with or without an irradiating source for the supported object, subclasses 458.1+ for methods and apparatus to irradiate fluorescent and phosphorescent materials and subclass 492.1 for methods and apparatus to irradiate objects or materials. Also note that subclasses 281+ provides for methods and apparatus for the ionic separation or analysis of materials utilizing the mass to electric charge ratio of
particles (e.g., mass spectrometers). (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Methods and Apparatus for Subjecting Objects, Articles and Materials to Ray Energy or Electrons or Ions Generated by Discharge Devices or Lamps, for such methods and apparatus.)
250, Radiant Energy, provides for generators of invisible ray energy in combinations with the means for supporting the ray generating means where not elsewhere provided. See
423+, for methods and apparatus for ion generation and subclasses 493.1+ for methods and apparatus for radiant energy generation and sources. (From Combined With a Support.) 250, Radiant Energy,
483.1+, provides for fluorescent and phosphorescent screens. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Fluorescent And Phosphorescent Coating And Compositions")
250, Radiant Energy,
522.1+, provides for casings and jackets for use with generators of invisible ray energy (e.g., ultraviolet) where structure is claimed which limits the jacket to use with such invisible ray energy and subclass 239 provides for photocells where no significant characteristics of the photocell is recited which include an envelope or housing for the photocell. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Structure")
252, Compositions,
181.1, and the classes specified in the notes to the Definition of those subclasses, provides for compositions which are designed for use as getters or electric lamp or discharge devices or which are designed for use in generating a gas or vapor within the envelope or jacket of an electric lamp or space discharge device. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Getters And Gas Or Vapor Generating Materials")
252, Compositions,
301.16, 301.6 is the generic place for fluorescent or phosphorescent materials. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Fluorescent And Phosphorescent Coating And Compositions")
252, Compositions,
500+, for compositions which conduct or emit electrons and for electrically conductive or emissive devices defined solely by the composition of which they are composed. Thus the compositions may be specialized for use as electron emissive compositions or for preparing electrodes, filaments
and shields for electric lamps or electric space discharge devices. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Coated Electrodes Or Shields And Compositions,")
279, Chucks or Sockets, provides for chucks and sockets for holding rod-like bodies and tools. Some of the chucks and sockets are designed to hold electrodes such as the carbon rods used in arc lamps. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Electrodes Combined With Connector Structure") 314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable Electrodes,
26+, for lamps and discharge devices of the consumable electrode type. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, F, Combined With Temperature Modifying Means.)
314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable Electrodes, (e.g., arc lamps with means for feeding the electrodes) Systems;
26+, for consumable electrode discharge device, with temperature modifying means.
314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable Electrodes,
60, for consumption feed type electrodes; subclass 60 provides for electrodes which are limited by claimed structure to use in discharge devices (arc lamps) in which the feed or motion of one of the electrodes towards the other is accomplished by the destruction of the electrode or a portion thereof due to the discharge. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, M, Electrodes and Shields.)
314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable Electrodes, for electric systems for supplying electric current to discharge devices of the consumable electrode (e.g., arc lamp) type. See above with respect to consumable electrode discharge devices. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Gas Pumps And Fans, Lamp And Discharge Device Systems, " for discharge devices and lamp systems.)
314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable Electrodes, provides for arc and other electric space discharge lamps or devices which are provided with at least one electrode which is consumed during the operation of the discharge device and such devices in combination with electric current supply systems therefor. Substantially all of the lamps in Class 314 are characterized by being provided with feeding means to move the electrodes together as the electrode is consumed.
Patents claiming an "arc discharge device" or an "arc lamp" are not classified in Class 314 unless the claims are limited by claimed subject matter to discharge devices of the consumable electrode type. Class 313 provides for arc lamp
and discharge device structure which is of general utility and not necessarily limited to use with devices of the consumable electrode type. The electrodes for the consumable electrode type discharge devices are classified with other electrodes in Class 313 except for the consumption feed type electrodes in Class 314 subclass 60. See above for the classification of electrodes in Class 313. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Consumable Electrode Discharge Devices" above)
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclasses. 1-11, 12.1, 13.1-17, and 364-410, for systems of supply for cathode-ray tubes;
3+, for cathode-ray tubes structure combined with a circuit element; subclasses 32+ for electric lamps and discharge devices structurally combined with a circuit element; subclasses 32+ for lightning arrestor structurally combined with a discharge device; subclasses 46+ for discharge devices having a lamp filament or heating resistance in shunt with the electrodes; subclass 49 for discharge devices having a lamp filament or heating resistance in series with the discharge electrodes; subclasses 76-363 for systems of supply for electric lamps and gas or vapor type discharge devices; and subclasses 364+ for resting electric lamps or discharge devices. 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
3+, and 32+ provide for discharge devices and lamps which have a circuit element (e.g., switch, impedance, etc..,) structurally combined with the lamp or discharge device, see subclasses 3+ where the discharge device is a cathode-ray tube. The circuit element may be within the base of the lamp or discharge device or within the enclosing envelope of the lamp or discharge device. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Lamps And Discharge Devices Having A Circuit Element" above)
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
46+, and 49 provide for the combination of a discharge device and a filamentary lamp which are structurally combined in a single unitary structure and where the lamp filament is in circuit relation with the electrodes of the discharge device. See subclasses 46+ where the lamp filament is connected in shunt with the discharge electrodes and subclasses 409 and 410 where the lamp filament is connected in series with the discharge electrodes. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Discharge Devices Structurally Combined With/In Circuit Relation With Incandescent Lamps")
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
46+, and 49 provide for discharge devices which include an electric heater (e.g., the cathode heater filament for an indirectly heated cathode, or other heater) which is
connected in circuit relationship with the discharge electrodes. See subclasses 46+ where the heater is connected in shunt to the discharge electrodes and subclass 49 where the heater is in series with the discharge electrodes. Not included in Class 313 in accordance with the line stated in this section are discharge devices having a directly heated or filamentary cathode which is necessarily in series with the discharge electrodes. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Discharge Devices With Cathode Heater Or Other Structurally Combined Heater In Circuit Relation")
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
32+, for lightning arrestors having a space discharge device and circuit impedance element structurally combined to make an integral unit. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Insulators With Arcing Devices," the excluded types of lightning arresters.)
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
1, 11, 12.1, 13.1-17, and 364-410 for miscellaneous systems for supplying electric current and/or potential to a cathode-ray tube, subclasses 3+ and 32+ for electric lamp and discharge devices which have a circuit element structurally combined with the lamp or discharge device, subclasses 76 to 363 for miscellaneous systems for supplying electric current and/or potential to electric lamps, and to discharge devices of the gas or vapor type, and subclass 411 for power supplies utilizing the magnetic energy of an output transformer of a cathode ray deflection circuit. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Gas Pumps And Fans, Lamp And Discharge Device Systems,'' for discharge devices and lamp systems.)
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, 364+, is the generic place for testing electric lamps or discharge devices.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous systems employing space discharge active element devices. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Gas Pumps And Fans, Lamp And Discharge Device Systems, " for discharge devices and lamp systems.)
331, Oscillators,
5, for magnetron oscillator with automatic frequency stabilization; subclasses 6+ for Klystron oscillator with automatic frequency stabilization ; subclass 78 for electric noise generators using gas tubes; subclasses 79+ for beam tube oscillators; subclass 98 for oscillators using disk seal tube; subclasses 126+ for oscillator using gaseous space discharge device; and subclass 184 for oscillator using unique space discharge device.
331, Oscillators, appropriate subclasses for electrical oscillators utilizing space discharge devices of particular construction, especially
6+, and 79+ for beam tube oscillators, subclasses 5 and 86+ for magnetron type oscillators, subclasses 78 and 126+ for gaseous space discharge type oscillators, subclass 98 for oscillators utilizing disk seal tubes enclosed by distributed parameter resonators, and subclass 184 for oscillators utilizing a space discharge device of particular construction. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Gas Pumps And Fans, Lamp And Discharge Device Systems," for discharge devices and lamp systems.)
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets,
210+, provides for electromagnets designed for use with electric lamps and discharge devices. Such magnets include those used with the cathode-ray tubes classified in subclasses 75+ of Class 313 to deflect the cathode ray beam, those used with the cathode ray tubes classified in subclasses 441+ to focus, concentrate or accelerate the cathode ray, and those used with the other discharge devices and lamps in subclasses 153+. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Deflection And Focusing Magnet'')
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets,
210+, for electromagnets for focusing and deflecting.
337, Electricity: Electrothermally or Thermally Actuated Switches, 28+, for combined thermal switches and lightning arrestors. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Insulators With Arcing Devices," the excluded types of lightning arresters.)
338, Electrical Resistors, appropriate subclasses, for electrical resistors, per se. Some of the resistance elements in Class 338 are somewhat analogous to the filaments used in electric lamps and space discharge devices. Note that
500+, in Class 252 provides for electrically conductive or emissive compositions which include resistance defined solely by their composition.
347, Incremental Printing of Symbolic Information,
121+, and 226+ for cathode ray discharge devices provided with means for making a record of the trace of the cathode beam (usually means for impressing the beam upon a photos:graphic film or means for impressing the trace made
upon a fluorescent screen upon a photos:graphic film) irrespective of whether the recording means is within or without the envelope of the cathode-ray device. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Cathode Ray Oscillographs")
348, Television,
818+, for cathode-ray tubes of the signal receiving type and provided with a shield or envelope protective means. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Combined With A Separable Casing, Jacket, Shield, Or Envelope Protective Means")
348, Television,
373+, and 825+ for cathode-ray tubes utilized in television systems and provided with a supporting means. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Combined With a Support")
348, Television,
335+, and 832+ for cathode-ray tubes utilized in television systems and combined with an optical device. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Combined With Optical Device Or Having Special Ray Transparent Envelope etc..") 361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
117+, for lightning arrester; and subclasses 271+ for condensers distinguished from discharge devices.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
271+, for electric condensers, per se. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Distinction Between Discharge Devices And Electric Condensers, etc...")
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
117+, for the lightning arresters generally. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Insulators With Arcing Devices," the excluded types of lightning arresters.)
362, Illumination, where the second envelope wall is not integral with the lamp envelope, that is, it is removable therefrom;
363, for means for surrounding a light source wherein said means is made of light pervious material. See Class 362 or one of the classes specified in the notes to that class. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, G, "Combined With a Separable Casing, Jacket, Shield, or Envelope Protective Means")
362, Illumination, or one of the classes specified in the
notes thereto, provides for all lamps including those of the discharge device type, which have a separable casing, jacket or enclosure about the lamp and which include means to modify the temperature of the lamp; see especially
294, and 373. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Temperature Modifying Means--With Enclosing Casing Or Jacket)
362, Illumination, or one of the classes specified in the notes to that class for lamps including discharge device lamps combined with a supporting means for the lamp (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Combined With A Support") 362, Illumination, or one of the classes specified in the notes thereto provides for all combinations of lamps including those of the discharge device type in combination with separable casing, jacket, shield or enclosure. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Combined With A Separable Casing, Jacket, Shield, Or Envelope Protective Means")
362, Illumination, for lamps combined with a support; for lamps combined with a separable casing or jacket and having temperature modifying means; for lamps combined with a separable casing, jacket, shield or enclosure; for lamps with separable optical devices, light shade, light obscuring means, lamp protector or other illuminating devices; and
84, for illuminating devices with a fluorescent or phosphorescent material. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Fluorescent And Phosphorescent Coating And Compositions")
362, Illumination, or one of the classes specified in the notes thereto, provides for all lamps including those of the discharge device which have a separable optical device, light shade, light obscuring means, lamp protector or other illuminating device combined therewith. In the art in Class 362, and the related classes specified in the notes thereto will be found devices such as lanterns, projectors, signal lights, etc.., where the lamp may be readily replaced or changed without modifying or altering the structure of the electric lamp. The devices in Class 362 and the classes referred to in the notes thereto ordinarily include an electrical socket or other connector into which the lamp base is placed. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Combined With Optical Device Or Having Special Ray Transparent Envelope, etc..")
156+, for processes of treating materials with ray energy within a nuclear reactor, or for processes and apparatus for carrying out nuclear changes by the use of ray or similar
energy. See subclasses 100+ for fusion reactions and reactors and subclasses 347+ for fission reactions and reactors. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Methods and Apparatus for Subjecting Objects, Articles and Materials to Ray Energy or Electrons or Ions Generated by Discharge Devices or Lamps," for such methods and apparatus.)
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices,
193+, for source supports, per se. ("Combined With A Separable Casing, Jacket, Shield, Or Envelope Protective Means")
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices,
91+, for electronic circuits; subclasses 119+ for sources; and subclasses 193+ for source supports.( "X-ray Tubes And Targets")
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 91+, provides for systems for supplying electric current and/or potential to X-ray tubes. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Gas Pumps And Fans, Lamp And Discharge Device Systems," for discharge devices and lamp systems.)
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, appropriate subclasses for subjecting objects to X-rays or gamma rays. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Methods and Apparatus for Subjecting Objects, Articles And Materials to Ray Energy or Electrons or Ions Generated by Discharge Devices or Lamps, " for such methods and apparatus.)
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices,
119+, for sources, combined with supports. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Combined With a Support")
392, Electric Resistance Heating Devices,
407+, provides for electrical heaters which include an electric lamp and a reflector, casing or other housing. See above for electric lamps provided with structure for holding a material to be heated. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Combined With A Separable Casing, Jacket, Shield, Or Envelope Protective Means")
403, Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses for a joint between a metal member and a glass or ceramic member. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Bushings, Glass-to-Metal Seals and Lead-In Conductors")
403, Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses for the joint between an envelope and its attached base where no structure of the envelope other than that providing for the
joint is included. See References to Other Classes for other classes which provide for joints. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "With Attached Base")
403, Joints and Connections, is a class of joints of general application. See the search notes thereto for other classes which provide for joints or connections.(Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Electrodes Combined With Connector Structure")
417, Pumps,
48+, provides for pumps utilizing a space discharge. See subclass 49 of Class 417 for a statement of the line. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Gas Pumps And Fans") 417, Pumps,
48+, for electrical or getter-type means. ( Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Getters And Gas Or Vapor Generating Materials")
420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, appropriate subclasses for metal strands, filaments or wire made of alloys or single metals. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Coated Electrodes Or Shields And Compositions, ")
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,
445+, provides for carbon, per se, and carbon articles defined solely in terms of the material from which they are made. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Coated Electrodes Or Shields And Compositions,")
427, Coating Processes,
58+, for processes of coating, per se, wherein the product is an electrical product. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Methods And Apparatus For Manufacturing Electrodes")
427, Coating Processes,
64+, for coating processes, per se, wherein the product is an electrical product with a fluorescent or phosphorescent base or coating. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Fluorescent And Phosphorescent Coating And Compositions")
427, Coating Processes,
58+, for processes of coating, per se, wherein the product is an electrical product. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Coated Electrodes Or Shields And Compositions,")
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
34.1+, for hollow articles (e.g., lamp bulbs) with a coating thereon; subclasses 426+ for laminated glass structure; subclasses 913 and 917 for phosphorescent, fluorescent, and electroluminescent; and subclasses 375+ for coated conductors or conductors or emitters or electrodes with emissive coatings thereon.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
544+, is the generic place for all metal or adjacent metals containing materials not elsewhere classified. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Bushings, Glass-to-Metal Seals and Lead-In Conductors")
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
375+, and 544+ provide for a rod, strand, fiber or filament with a coating thereon, which coated products may be electron emissive or miscellaneous conductors such as metal rods, wires or filaments with various coating thereon, including insulating coatings and also for electrodes which are merely composite laminates defined in terms of the composition of the components. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Coated Electrodes Or Shields And Compositions")
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
34.1+, for a hollow or container type article (e.g., lamp bulb) defined only as a base with a coating thereon, subclasses 426+ for a nonstructural composite web or sheet including a layer of glass, and subclasses 913 and 917 (cross-reference art collections) for a product which is responsive to light (e.g., fluorescent or phosphorescent) and a product which is electro-luminescent. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Defined Only By Composition")
431, Combustion,
358+, for flash lamps in which a solid fuel is burned and which have electric igniting means for initiating combustion of the fuel, e.g., "photoflash bulbs". The distinction between a photoflash bulb found in Class 431, Combustion, subclasses 358+ and an electric lamp is that in the photoflash bulb there is a solid fuel usually aluminum or magnesium foil and an electric filament for igniting the foil so that the foil burns and the light is due to the combustion of the foil. In other types of photoflash bulbs the filament is made of a material which burns and the light is due to the combustion of the filament. In an incandescent electric lamp the light is due only to the heat generated by the current passing through the filament and the filament is not intended to be burned. The lamp ordinarily is provided with a noncombustible gas or a vacuum to prevent combustion of the filament while the devices in Class 431 are provided with an atmosphere of combustible gas.
439, Electrical Connectors, appropriate subclass providing for the electrical connector structure. For example, where an electrode is composed of two rod-like portions and one portion is provided with a hollow screw threaded socket and the other is provided with the screw threaded end to fit into the socket, the patent is classified elsewhere. However, if the structure includes means such as a portion of higher electrical conductivity to insure good electrical contact between the portions, the patent would be classified in Class 439. (Lines With Other Classes and Wtihin This Class, M, Electrodes And Shields) 439, Electrical Connectors, for device with separable electrical connector, for device with electrical connector and for electrode with connector structure; and for electrode and shield with joint between parts;
607+, for connector with anti-inductive shield; and subclasses 611+ for connector having vitreous envelope secured thereto.
439, Electrical Connectors, provides for an electrical connector, per se. Also included in that class is a combination not provided for elsewhere, or of such nature as to be best grouped with the electrical connector. For example, a "named" lamp combined with a specific connector is included in Class 439. The reference to a "filament" or to the support structure is considered to make a claimed lamp "significant" whereas a reference to the "envelope" is not considered to be more than naming of the lamp. Further examples, included in Class 439 is the combination of an electrical lamp base with an "incandescent" lamp, a "fluorescent" lamp, or a "gas filled" lamp, provided that there is no claimed reference to other illuminating portions of the lamp. Reference to the particular shape of the envelope will not exclude placement of a patent from Class 439 if no structure is recited which limits the envelope to use with a lamp or discharge device. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Lamps And Discharge Devices Combined With A Separable Electric Connector")
439, Electrical Connectors, provides for a device having significant electrical connector structure combined with named other structure or with such other structure as is not provided for elsewhere. See the discussion above. See especially
611+, for the combination of an electrical connector with a vitreous envelope secured thereto. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Lamps And Discharge Devices Which Include Electrical Connector Structure")
439, Electrical Connectors, provides for a device having electrical connector structure where no significant structure for the device is recited other than that necessary to provide for or to cooperate with electrical connector
structure. Class 439 includes an electrode for an electric lamp or space discharge device where the only structure of the electrode recited is that necessary to provide for or to cooperate with electrical connector structure; see
607+, for the combination of an electrical connector and means to shield the connector portions from radiating electromagnetic waves for which see. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Electrodes Combined With Connector Structure")
445, Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or Device Manufacturing, is the generic place for a process or an apparatus for manufacturing an electric lamp, a discharge device, an electrode or another part thereof. The search notes for Class 445 should be consulted as to the other classes and subclasses which provide for processes or apparatus used in manufacture an electric lamp, discharge device or a part thereof; see
2, for a process which is limited to use in repairing or reconditioning a lamp or discharge device, or to use in salvaging one or more parts of a lamp or discharge device; subclass 61 provides for the corresponding apparatus. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Methods, Apparatus For Manufacturing/Repairing Electric Lamps Or Discharge Devices Or Salvaging Parts,")
445, Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or Device Manufacturing,
35+, for methods of manufacturing electrodes; and subclasses 46+ for methods of manufacturing electrodes. 445, Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or Device Manufacturing, is the generic place for methods and apparatus for manufacturing electrodes for electric lamps and discharge devices. See
35+, and 46+ for the processes of making electrodes. See the search notes to these subclasses for the classes which provide for either process or apparatus for manufacturing electrodes. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Methods and Apparatus For Manufacturing Electrodes.)
501, Compositions: Ceramic,
11+, for lamp and space discharge device envelopes defined only as being made of glass compositions and for glass compositions, per se. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Defined Only By Composition")
GLOSSARY:
ANODES
An electrode which acts as the positive terminal of the
discharge or which acts as the positive terminal of an electric field to cause a discharge or accelerate the electrons in a discharge. See the definition of cathode above, and the definition of control electrode below.
ANTI-CATHODE
Same as "target" or anode. Used in reference to X-ray tube anodes.
AUXILIARY STARTING ELECTRODE
An electrode designed for use in a discharge device having at least two principal discharge electrodes and the auxiliary starting electrode. The starting electrode is designed to be connected in the circuit so that the discharge is initiated between it and one of the principal electrodes, the auxiliary discharge conditioning the discharge space so that a discharge between the principal electrodes can be established. An auxiliary starting electrode does not necessarily differ in structure or material from any other electrode. Auxiliary starting electrodes are usually simple electrodes, a wire or rod, and are usually not formed from as heavy or strong material as the principal electrodes. Usually an auxiliary starting electrode is placed close to a principal electrode so that the discharge may be initiated between the auxiliary starting electrode and the main electrode at a smaller voltage than is necessary to initiate the discharge between the principal electrodes. The auxiliary starting electrode may be supplied with current only during the starting period or it may be supplied with current during the operation of the device so that a continuous discharge takes place between it an done of the principal electrodes to assure ionization in the discharge space so that the discharge between the principal electrodes may take place at the proper time. The latter type of auxiliary starting electrodes are also known as "holding electrodes". Where a plurality of auxiliary starting electrodes are used, they may be spaced at intervals between the principal electrodes so that the discharge may first be established between one principal electrode and the nearer auxiliary starting electrode, then to a more remote auxiliary starting electrode and so on until the discharge is established between the principal electrodes. If a plurality of auxiliary starting electrodes are used, one may be placed close to each of a plurality of principal electrodes. In as much as the determination of whether or not an electrode is an auxiliary starting electrode depends upon the circuit connections to the discharge device, and this class includes only the structure of the discharge device, per se, only in subclasses 170+ (liquid electrode discharge devices) and subclasses 596+ and 601+ (gas or vapor-type discharge devices) is the classification based upon one of the electrodes being an auxiliary starting electrode. BASE
A member attached to the lamp or discharge device so that it may be attached to a supporting socket or supported on a surface. The base usually includes electrical connector means for connecting the lamp or discharge device in a circuit. Where the lamp or discharge device is provided with an envelope, the base is usually attached to the envelope, as by cementing, or the envelope is formed so as to have an integral base portion.
CASING
A container or enclosure for a lamp or discharge device, or a part thereof. See Envelope above.
CATHODE
An electrode which acts as the negative device. In some discharge devices, such as spark gaps, there is no difference in structure between the cathode and anode. Consequently, the use of the words "cathode" and "anode" have been avoided except where there is some significance in structure between the two electrodes.
CATHODE RAY DEVICE
A discharge device having means for forming the electric discharge into a restricted beam or ray, usually pencil-like.
CATHANODE
An electrode designed to serve as an anode with respect to a cathode and to be heated by the discharge so that another surface of the electrode emits electrons to a second anode. See subclass 305 for discharge devices having a cathanode.
CONTROL ELECTRODE An electrode designed to influence or control the discharge current flowing between other electrodes. It may depend for its effect on either its electro-static effect or on the current flow thereto. The most common type of control electrode is the control grid. Since, however, the grid may be used as an anode, and the anode as a grid in many types of discharge devices, the use of the expression "control electrode" has been avoided where possible and similar structures placed together irrespective of whether the disclosure indicated that the grid electrode is to be used as an anode or control electrode. Patents relating to discharge devices having one or more grid electrodes interposed between a cathode and an anode are classified in subclasses 293+ or in the subclasses referred to in the notes to these subclasses. See subclass 308 and the subclasses referred to in the notes thereto for other discharge devices having a control electrode.
DIRECTLY HEATED CATHODE:
A filament designed to have its terminals connected to a source of current, the filament being heated by the current passing through it.
ELECTRIC LAMP
A device for converting electrical energy into visible light or ultraviolet light. Most lamps also generate infrared rays, but infrared ray generators are included only when they have structure analogous to electric lamps or electric space discharge devices. See the notes below. Electric lamps may be in the form of electric space discharge devices, for which see the next paragraph.
ELECTRIC SPACE DISCHARGE DEVICES
(the shorter expression "DISCHARGE DEVICES" is used in these definitions) Any device which is intended to have an electrical current flow between two spaced electrodes, at least part of the path followed by the discharge being constituted by a gas, vapor, or vacuum.
ELECTRODE
A filament or glower of an electric lamp or a member arranged to emit, and/or collect, and/or control the movement of electrons or ions in a discharge device.
EMISSIVE CATHODE
A low work function electrode. ENVELOPE
A gas tight enclosure for an electric lamp or discharge device. It may be evacuated or filled with a gas or vapor. In general the distinction between an envelope and a mere jacket, casing or housing is that the envelope is sealed, so as to be gas tight.
FILAMENT
A wire, ribbon or rod conducting member. It may be made of metal or nonmetal. In this class filaments, per se, are classified in subclasses 341+ irrespective of whether the filament is to be used in a lamp or discharge device, and irrespective of whether the filament is to be heated by passing a current through the filament (directly heated cathode) or is to be heated by the discharge in a discharge device (see thermionic cathode).
FLUORESCENT OR PHOSPHORESCENT MATERIAL
A material which absorbs radiant energy of one wave length (e.g., light) and is excited thereby to cause it to emit radiant energy of another wave length (e.g., light of another
wave length), or a material which is excitable by the impact of electrons, ions, or analogous energy (e.g., gamma rays) thereon to emit light energy without becoming incandescent.
GAS OR VAPOR GENERATING MATERIAL
Solid or liquid material which is placed within the envelope and generates a gas or vapor by virtue of a chemical change, by volatilization, or by giving off an absorbed gas or vapor. It may do this during normal operation or it may be caused to do so by treatment preliminary to placing the device in operation.
GETTERS
Materials which, when used in closed containers, reduce the gas or vapor content of the container. A getter may react with the gas or vapor in the container to form a solid nonvaporizable material, or to adsorb or absorb the gas or vapor, or may reduce the amount of the gas or vapor in the container in any other way. The material may be a getter for one gas or vapor and may not have any effect upon another gas or vapor.
GLOWER Any body made of a material which when heated by the passage of an electric current therethrough emits light rays. The term glower includes filaments and also includes other bodies which are not of filamentary dimensions such as, rods and bars made of second class conductors.
GRID ELECTRODE
An electrode having one or more apertures therein, usually formed of open-work material, such as wire mesh, perforated sheet material, or of wires or bars as of coiled wire, or other foraminous structure, and sometimes used as the control electrode in a discharge device. As pointed out in the definition of "control electrode" above, the terms "grid electrode" and "control electrode" are not synonymous in this class.
HEATED CATHODE
Either a directly heated cathode or an indirectly heated cathode.
HOLDING ELECTRODES
See the definition of auxiliary starting electrode above.
INCANDESCENT LAMP
Lamps which are provided with a filament or glower adapted to be heated to incandescence by the passage of an electric current therethrough.
INDIRECTLY-HEATED CATHODE (Equipotential cathode)
A cathode designed to be heated to its emitting temperature by a separate heating element. IONIC CATHODE
A virtual cathode formed by a discharge in a gas or vapor between two electrodes, the discharge serving to supply electrons to a third electrode. See subclass 588 for discharge devices having an ionic cathode.
JACKET
Same as casing above.
LEAD-IN
The conductor used to transmit electric current or potential from the exterior of the envelope or casing into the interior of the envelope or casing. Where the envelope is made of glass it usually consists of a conductor which passes through the wall of the envelope and which is sealed to the glass by a glass-to-metal seal.
LOW WORK FUNCTION ELECTRODE (cold cathode, cathodes containing or coated with electron emissive material)
A cathode containing or coated with a material which readily emits electrons, i.e., a material which has a low work function. Examples of such materials are the alkali metals and their oxides, alkaline earth metals and their oxides, thorium, magnesium. The expression "low work function electrode" includes thermionic electrodes which contain or are coated with electron emissive material, photosensitive cathodes, secondary emissive cathodes as well as cathodes which emit electrons without being heated.
PHOTO-CELLS
A device to be used in an electrical circuit which is provided with means responsive to light or analogous rays for altering the operation of the device. The only photocells included in this class are photosensitive discharge devices and photosensitive electric lamps.
PHOTO-SENSITIVE
A device provided with means sensitive to light or analogous rays for altering the operation of the device. PHOTO-SENSITIVE CATHODE
An electrode which emits electrons when subjected to the action of light or analogous rays. Discharge devices having a photosensitive cathode or other photosensitive electrode are
classified in subclasses 523+ in this class. See photosensitive electrode above. See the class definition for the classification of photosensitive cathodes, per se.
PHOTO-SENSITIVE ELECTRODE
An electrode which has its electrical properties changed by the action of light or analogous ray energy. The ray energy may be X-rays, ultraviolet rays, infrared rays, or any analogous radiation. See the class definition for the classification of photosensitive electrodes, per se.
PYRO-ELECTRIC LAMP
An electric lamp which has as the light emitting body a material which is a second class conductor. The lamps are designed to have the pyro-electric body heated by a separate source until the pyro-electric material becomes conductive and then the current flow through the pyro-electric body maintains the second class conductor material at a temperature at which it emits light.
SECOND CLASS CONDUCTORS
A material having a very high electrical resistance at ordinary temperatures and a low resistance when heated. Glowers formed of oxides, such as Th[supscrpt]2[end supscrpt] or the rare earth oxides, used in the pyro-electric (e.g., Nernst) type of incandescent lamp are examples of second class conductors.
SECONDARY EMISSIVE CATHODE
A cathode designed to emit electrons by virtue of the impact by electrons upon the electron emissive surface. See the class definition for the classification of secondary emissive cathodes, per se. See cathanode below.
SHIELDS Structures used in lamps and discharge devices to modify the electrical characteristics thereof, or structures which are used to protect the lamp or discharge device from external influences, or structures which are used to protect parts of the device from influences, such as electron bombardment, originating in another part of the device, and other structures used for protective purposes. Shields do not include mere electrodes even though the electrode is defined as being a shielding electrode. Where an electrode of a discharge device is provided with shielding structure in addition to the structure provided for influencing the electric space discharge, such additional structure is considered to be shielding structure. Examples of such additional shielding are where an indirectly heated cathode is provided with a flange for shielding the discharge space from the influence of the cathode heater current, or where an anode, grid, or lead wire is provided with shielding means to
shield the lead-in wires from the effects of electrostatic fields. Metal or conductive envelopes for discharge devices are not considered to be shields where the envelope is designed to function as an electrode of the discharge device, such as an anode. Where the metal or conductive envelope is disclosed as being provided for shielding purposes and not an electrode, the envelope is considered to be a shield.
SPARK PLUG
A unitary spark gap having a plurality of insulated electrodes arranged out of contact with each other so that the space discharge is a "jump spark" and usually having a shell or sleeve designed to be attached to an opening in an internal combustion engine or other device, the shell or sleeve carrying one or more electrodes within it which are insulated from the shell or sleeve by an insulating bushing or other insulation. The shell or sleeve often carries an electrode which cooperates with the other insulated electrode to form the jump-spark gap. Included are the devices known as spark plugs usually used on the ordinary automotive internal combustion engine. Also included are spark plugs for other uses which are similar in structure. It does not include ignitors where the spark is made by moving the electrodes into contact and then separating them to draw the spark. It does not include ignitors which are not similar in structure to the automobile spark plug even if they are of the jump spark type. Spark plugs having only a single electrode which are designed to be used with some other device, as the cylinder head, so as to form a jump spark therewith are also excluded.
TARGET
In an X-ray tube, cathode-ray tube, or other beam type discharge device, the anode or the member against which the principal electron or ion stream impinges. See the definition of anode above.
THERMIONIC CATHODE
A cathode designed to operate at an elevated temperature. The expression, "thermionic cathode" includes directly heated cathodes, indirectly heated cathodes, and also cathodes which are designed to be heated by ionic bombardment to the electron emitting temperature.
THREE OR MORE ELECTRODE DISCHARGE DEVICES
Any discharge device having three or more electrodes whether all of the electrodes have lead-wires for connection to the supply circuit or not. In some of the three or more electrode discharge devices, the electrodes are arranged with one or more electrodes disposed in the interelectrode space or in the discharge path between two other electrodes, and have only the outer electrodes provided with lead-wires for connecting to the supply circuit, the discharge passing from
the outer electrodes to the interposed electrode so that the discharge device has a plurality of series connected discharge spaces.
X-RAY TUBE A discharge device designed to generate X-rays.