(under the class definition) Process or apparatus for condensing, compacting, smoothing, or polishing the surface of an article by rubbing or otherwise engaging the article with means having a smooth surface of greater hardness than that of the article.
(1) Note. Burnishing, by its nature, prevents any significant removal of surface material from a treated article or workpiece. This lack of material removal distinguished burnishing from grinding or abrading (which generally results in integral surface removal of material) and cleaning (which generally results in the removal of foreign material from the surface of material). Consequently, grinding or abrading is generally provided for in Class 451, while cleaning is generally provided for in Class 15.
(2) Note. See the Class Definition, paragraph 2, of this class (29).
(3) Note. This subclass includes blasting an article with metal shot when not classifiable in Class 72, Metal Deforming, subclass 53. See the definition thereof including notes for the line. Search Class 15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass 95 for a device or process of shotting material to clean it.
(4) Note. This subclass includes a metal rolling device for
compacting the interior surface of an opening. For apparatus of like structure employed for expanding or a flanging tube, search Class 72, Metal Deforming, subclasses 115 and 317.
(5) Note. This subclass includes a burnisher in combination with a cutter where the combined device may be employed for burnishing without cutting. For a reamer which has a guiding portion which may burnish but has a cutter which is necessarily used during such burnishing, see Class 408, Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool, subclass 199.
(6) Note. This subclass includes a broach-like device which is forced through an opening in order to burnish the inside of the opening. For a broach, i.e., a tool having sharp cutting edges, which is similarly forced through a hole for the purpose of cutting the interior thereof, search Class 407, Cutters, for Shaping, subclasses 1 and 13+. (7) Note. This is the residual home for burnishing, not only of metal, but of any material unless provided for elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS
12, Boot and Shoe Making,
70, for a boot or shoe burnishing machine and subclass 104 for a boot or shoe burnishing hand tool.
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
95, and see (5) Note, above.
38, Textiles: Ironing or Smoothing, as the generic class for a process or apparatus for producing a smooth appearance on the surface of a textile article or fabric by pressing, stretching, rolling, sliding contact, or other means.
69, Leather Manufactures, particularly,
17, for leather strap finishing by burnishing and subclasses 37 to 47 and subclass, 21 for a machine or process of burnishing leather.
72, Metal Deforming, and see (5) and (6) Notes, above.
100, Presses, for a press not elsewhere provided for.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions, 222, for burnishing steps combined with electrolytic coating and subclass 141.5 for electrolytic polishing.
396, Photography,
658+, for burnishing means for photos:graphic images.
407, Cutters, for Shaping,
13, for a broaching machine and see (6) Note, above.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
687, for metallic stock material having a defined surface feature, e.g., smoothness.
451, Abrading,
36+, for a process of abrading by fluent abradant (especially subclasses 38+ for a process of sand blasting) and subclasses 75+ for a sandblasting machine.
