US PATENT SUBCLASS 208 / 177
REFINING

Current as of: June, 1999
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208 /   HD   MINERAL OILS: PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS

177REFINING {23}
178  DF  .~> With reagent feed control
179  DF  .~> Purifying used oil {3}
187  DF  .~> Water removal (dehydration) {1}
189  DF  .~> Sweetening {6}
208 R  DF  .~> Sulfur removal (free or combined sulfur) {17}
251 R  DF  .~> Metal contaminant removal {3}
254 R  DF  .~> Nitrogen contaminant removal {1}
255  DF  .~> Gum or gum former removal {2}
262.1  DF  .~> Halogen contaminant removal {1}
263  DF  .~> Organic acid or phenol contaminant removal
264  DF  .~> With hydrogen
265  DF  .~> With acids {4}
283  DF  .~> With alkali or alkali earth metal compound (except clays) {1}
289  DF  .~> With nitrogen containing compound
290  DF  .~> With organic compound {1}
292  DF  .~> With boron, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony or bismuth containing treating agent
293  DF  .~> With sulfur containing treating agent
294  DF  .~> With free metal
295  DF  .~> With Group IV, V, VI, VII or VIII metal compound
296  DF  .~> With Group IB or IIB metal compound
297  DF  .~> With Group III metal compound (except clays)
298  DF  .~> With liquid treating agent (includes slurries of solids)
299  DF  .~> With solid catalyst or absorbent {8}

DEFINITION

Classification: 208/177

(under the class definition) Processes for treating a mineral oil to (1) remove impurities or undesirable nonmineral oil components therefrom or (2) to inactivate these contaminants or impurities by converting them to some less noxious form, whether or not they are subsequently removed.

(1) Note. An impurity is any component, usually a nonhydrocarbon, which renders the mineral oil less fit for use for its intended purpose. Gum formers which are olefinic hydrocarbons and may be mineral oil components are regarded as impurities within the scope of the term "impurity" as are the gums formed by polymerization of such gum formers. Water is also regarded as an impurity.

(2) Note. Certain subclasses indented hereunder (subclasses 179-186) provide for the treatment of a particular type of mineral oil while other subclasses (187-263) provide for a specific type of reaction or the removal of specified impurities. Processes are classified in the above mentioned subclasses when (1) the claims specify the particular impurity removed (or the treatment of used oil) or (2) the disclosure is limited to the removal of a single particular impurity (or the treatment of used oil). Processes wherein the claims do not specify the treatment of used oil or the impurity removed or treated and it is disclosed that a number of different impurities are removed or treated are classified in other indented subclass usually on the basis of the

reagent employed. Patents classified on this latter basis may be cross-referenced to the subclasses for the impurities removed if necessary.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

88+, processes wherein a refining of mineral oil is combined with a subsequent conversion reaction.

95+, processes including conversion of a mineral oil combined with a refining of the converted products. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS

196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus,

46, for apparatus for refining mineral oils.

210, Liquid Purification or Separation, appropriate subclass for processes and apparatus for separating or purifying liquids not elsewhere provided for. See the search notes in Class 210 for the line between that class and Class 208.

516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,

113+, for compositions for or subcombination compositions for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid systems (e.g., foam breaking, emulsion breaking, dispersion inhibiting, suspension settling, gel breaking, smoke suppressing, coagulating, flocculating), when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed art. Combinations of emulsion breaking and a treatment of the mineral oil provided for in Class 208 are classified in Class 208.

585, Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds,

258+, and 800+ for processes of purifying particular hydrocarbons.

588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment, appropriate subclasses for the destruction or containment of hazardous or toxic waste in the form of refined hydrocarbons.