The retorts are inclined and associated with single or double surface air and/or gas heaters which are heated by the waste products of combustion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
111, 122, 123, 132, 140, 141, and indented subclasses 146 and 148.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic,
15+, for a carbonizing process including indirectly heating the carbonaceous material by burning a product of the carbonizing step and subclass 37 for a carbonizing process in which combustion gases are passed into the retort.