A. Processes for the liberation, recovery or purification of fibers as individual staple fibers or as a pulp of such fibers, including cellulosic fibers, from a fibrous containing material by use of a reagent which exerts some chemical or solvent action upon the fibrous material.
B. Reagent compositions employed in the processes "A" above, and processes of preparation of such compositions, not otherwise provided for;
C. Processes including the deposition of fibers from a liquid suspension thereof in order to form an interfelted product and processes of treatment of the deposited fibrous product prior to the final drying thereof;
D. Fibrous pulps and deposited fibrous webs or articles which are produced by processes "A" or "C" above, which are not otherwise provided for;
E. In addition to the products set forth in "D," this class also includes any nonstructural fiber or fiber containing product (e.g., particular fiber blend) manufactured by any other process (e.g., airlaid) where not elsewhere provided for. See Subclass References to the Current Class, below, and also see References to Other Classes, below, for classes
that refer to this section.
F. Apparatus employed in carrying out processes "A" and "C" above, not otherwise provided for;
G. An endless Fourdrinier wire is provided for in this class. LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES
A. FIBER PREPARATION OR TREATING PROCESSES
Within this class processes of fiber preparation are classified in subclass 1. This portion of the class is concerned with the treating of fiber and fibrous materials with chemicals for the purpose of making a pulp or suspension of individual staple fibers which may be deposited from a liquid suspension thereof, thus forming an interfelted fibrous product (paper) or the fibers may be employed for textile purposes.
This class provides for the chemical liberation of these fibers as well as the purification or refining, bleaching, etc., of the fibers with a reagent which exerts some chemical action.
LINE WITH CLASS 8 AND CLASS 19
This class is related to Class 8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers, and Class 19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, which also provide for fiber treating processes. Class 8 provides for processes of fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers not elsewhere provided for. With respect to pulps and suspension of individual fibers the line with Class 8 is as follows:
Class 162 takes (1) processes involving liberating, purifying, bleaching or refining such fibers, (2) processes in which the fibers are modified by hydration, mercerizing or parchmentizing; Class 8 takes all processes of chemically modifying such fibers other than by hydration, mercerization or parchmentizing. Class 162 (in subclass 100 particularly subclass 162) also takes dyeing of such fibers.
Class 8 provides for purifying, bleaching, etc., of fabrics, strands, yarns, filaments, etc., as distinguished from fibrous pulps. Patents to processes in which both a fibrous pulp and a fabric, strand, yarn, etc., is claimed (or disclosed if claimed only generically) are classified in Class 8. Combinations of a step of purifying or liberating the fiber with a step of modifying it, per se, belonging in Class 8, are classified in Class 162.
Class 8, particularly in subclasses 137+ and 147+, provides for the cleaning and laundering of textile fabrics and fibers, that is, for the removal of materials not originally
associated with a natural fiber and the removal of any material from synthetic fibers. The treatment may be effected with or without chemical action. Thus, manipulative processes of washing pulp or fibers in bulk form are classified in Class 8, subclass 156.
Class 19 provides for the mechanical treatment of fibers to put them in condition for use.
See References to Other Classes, below, for related fiber preparation or treating processes classes. B. FIBER TREATING AGENTS
Chemical reagent compositions used for liberating fiber from a fiber containing material (e.g., wood) are included and are classified with the corresponding process. This class provides also for processes of making or regenerating such agents. Also see Subclass References to the Current Class and References to Other Classes, below.
C. FIBROUS PRODUCT MAKING AND TREATING
This class includes processes of forming an interfelted fibrous product by deposition from liquid suspension including the addition of other material to the fibrous suspension whether the deposition step is included or not. This class also includes processes for treating the deposited web or article prior to final drying thereof. The fibrous character of the product must be retained in the final product. Also see Subclass References to the Current Class and References to Other Classes, below.
D. COMBINATIONS WITH OTHER PAPER TREATING OPERATIONS
This class generally includes combinations of a fiber liberation or purification step with other fiber treating steps or of a deposition from a liquid suspension with other treatment of the interfelted product (in which the fibrous nature of the product is retained). Processes of fiber liberation or purification combined with processes of employing the liberated fibers for the manufacture of a product (other than by deposition from a fiber suspension) are, in general, classified in the class providing for the particular manufacturing operation involved. See References to Other Classes, below.
E. PRODUCTS
This provides for paper products resulting from processes classified herein. However, articles and materials having structure or other characteristics provided for in other classes are classified therein, even though made of paper, or disclosed or claimed as having been made by a process classifiable herein. Also see References to Other Classes, below.
F. APPARATUS
This class includes apparatus employed for carrying out processes classifiable herein not otherwise provided for. Also see Subclass References to the Current Class and References to Other Classes, below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 29+, for processes of making or regenerating agents.
70+, for chemical reagent compositions used for liberating fiber from a fiber containing material (e.g., wood).
100+, for processes of forming an interfelted fibrous product by deposition from liquid suspension including the addition of other material to the fibrous suspension whether the deposition step is included or not.
141, through 181 for any nonstructural fiber or fiber containing product (e.g., particular fiber blend) manufactured by any other process (e.g., airlaid) where not elsewhere provided for.
160, and 161 for paper impregnated for purposes of preserving the paper.
232+, for apparatus employed for carrying out processes classifiable herein not otherwise provided for.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers,
400-, 696 for dyed paper, produced by the action of a dye upon dry paper, subclasses 115.51+ for chemically modified fibers, per se. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Products", above.)
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, appropriate subclasses for air felting. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Fibrous Product Making and Treating", above.)
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, appropriate subclasses for air felting, per se, of fibers. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Apparatus," above.) 28, Textiles: Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses, appropriate subclass for textile products having significant textile characteristics or features not provided for in other textile classes. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Products", above.)
29, Metal Working,
90.1+, for burnishing waterlaid products. (see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Fibrous Product Making and Treating", above.)
29, Metal Working,
90.1+, for burnishing apparatus employed for treating fibrous layers or paper. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Apparatus," above.)
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contacted With Solids, appropriate subclasses, for processes of drying a wet web or article of deposited fibers. (see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Fibrous Product Making and Treating, above.)
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate subclass for drying a freshly deposited fibrous layer. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Apparatus," above.)
65, Glass Manufacturing,
376+, for a process of making glass fibers or mineral wool. (see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Fibrous Product Making and Treating, above.)
65, Glass Manufacturing,
376+, for glass fibers or mineral wool forming. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Apparatus," above.) 100, Presses, appropriate subclasses for presses, per se, even though employed for treating paper or fibrous webs or articles. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Apparatus," above.)
100, Presses, appropriate subclasses, for mere pressing to express moisture from a web or article deposited, and for pressing or calendering dry paper. (see Fibrous Product Making and Treating)
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclass for nonwaterlaid plastic and coating compositions comprising fibrous and inorganic materials, as well as fibrous material associated with an organic material, other than a synthetic resin. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Products, above.)
131, Tobacco,
365, for tobacco-containing paper, intended to be burned in smoking. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Products, above.)
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, appropriate subclasses for tube structure. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Products, above.)
137, Fluid Handling,
4, for processes of regulating or maintaining the consistency of a fiber suspension by control of liquid flow. (see Fibrous Product Making and Treating, above.)
137, Fluid Handling, particularly
92, and 467.5 for apparatus employed in the regulation or maintenance of the consistency of a fibrous suspension which may be disclosed as useful in making paper. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Apparatus," above.)
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, 62.2+, for deposition of particulate material by other than water laying to form a self sustaining web or batt, combined with a laminating step, and subclasses 369+ for apparatus for forming self-sustaining webs from particulate material. See the search note to Class 264 below, for processes of forming self sustaining webs from bulk deposited particles, per se. (see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Fibrous Product Making and Treating," above.)
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
52+, for impregnated paper used for electrolytic printing. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Products, above.)
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
689+, for electrolytic treatment of organic fibrous material. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Fiber Preparation Or Treating Processes, above.)
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, appropriate subclasses, particularly
727+, for separating solids from fibers by a solids separation procedure there provided for. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Fiber Preparation Or Treating Processes, above.)
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, appropriate subclasses particularly
727+, for apparatus used in separating nonfibrous solids (e.g., sand) from fibers. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Apparatus," above.)
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, appropriate subclasses, for apparatus for separating liquid from a fibrous suspension. Such separators which are designed for the laying down of a felted fibrous product, as the Fourdrinier type machine, are classified in Class 162 even though there is a separation of the liquid, usually water, from a fibrous suspension. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Apparatus," above.)
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, appropriate subclasses for the separation of liquid from fibers other than those resulting in the formation of a felted fibrous product. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Fiber Preparation Or Treating Processes, above.) 229, Envelopes, Wrappers, and paper Board Boxes, for articles of that type. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Products, above.)
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, appropriate subclasses for grinders, heaters, comminutors, etc., employed for treating fibrous material for reducing it to individual fibers. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Apparatus," above.)
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, particularly
4, for the grinding, comminuting or heating of fibrous material, uncombined with any chemical treatment, in order to separate the material into smaller individual fibers. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Fiber Preparation Or Treating Processes, above.)
252, Compositions,
567, for a paper web or sheet impregnated with a defined liquid dielectric. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Products, above.)
252, Compositions,
186.1+, and 188.1+ for bleaching agent compositions even though disclosed as being useful for bleaching pulp. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Fiber Treating Agents, above.)
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, appropriate subclasses, for processes within the class definition, for shaping or molding of plastic materials including that of a dried, preformed blank of paper pulp, with or without remoistening thereof. Class 264 also generally takes processes for forming articles by uniting of discrete bulk assembled particles, and also forming articles by depositing particles other than fibers from a slurry (e.g., mica, clay, etc.). (see Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, Fibrous Product Making and Treating, above.)
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, appropriate subclasses, for processes within the class definition, for molding or shaping plastic materials which may include the step of destroying the fibrous or felted nature of a deposited web or article. See
80, for flame contact or heat decomposition of work, broadly, and subclasses 109+ for forming articles by uniting of discrete bulk assembled particles, not containing free metal particles, per se. (see Combinations With Other Paper Treating Operations, above.) 383, Flexible Bags, for bags. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Products, above.)
419, Powder Metallurgy Processes,
61+, for processes for forming articles by uniting randomly associated metal particles without heating. (see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Combinations With Other Paper Treating Operations, above.)
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,
285, and 307+ for cookers and digesters other than those used for liberating or treating fibers. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Apparatus," above.)
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, appropriate subclasses, for process of preparing or reclaiming inorganic compounds by a chemical reaction. See especially
511+, for sulfur containing compounds; for the line between the classes see line note to Class 162 in definition of Class 423, Search Notes. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Fiber Treating Agents, above.)
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
14+, and especially subclasses 16+ for a composition of that class including a structural feature which may included a coating or impregnation of a paper base. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Products, above.)
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus,
80.1+, for means forming self-sustaining bodies of particulate material including an air felting type shaping means, and subclasses 84+ for a shaping surface and means for removal of liquid vehicle or component as a liquid. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Apparatus," above.) 426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products, appropriate subclasses for paper impregnated with a food treating agent. This class (162) provides for paper impregnated for purposes of preserving the paper. (See Subclass References to the Current Class, above.)
427, Coating Processes, appropriate subclasses for processes of coating paper not combined with a paper making step, or where the paper is not still wet from the paper forming operation. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Products, above.)
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses for a nonwaterlaid fiber or fiber containing product as set forth in "E" in the class definition of this Class 162 where said product processes either internal structure (e.g., crimped fiber, etc.) or external structure (e.g., nonplanar component, etc.). (See Class Definition, E, above.)
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof,
496+, for paper coated with a radiation sensitive composition. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Products, above.)
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
277, and 278 for fiber treating processes involving fermentation. (See Fiber Preparation Or Treating Processes, above.)
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
277, for combination of fermentative and chemical digestion. (see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Combinations With Other Paper Treating Operations, above.)
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, for nonwaterlaid synthetic resin or natural rubbers containing compositions.
536, Organic Compounds,
30+, and 56+ for cellulose liberation or purification followed by conversion of the cellulose to a cellulose derivative which is not followed by deposition of fibers from liquid suspension or other step provided for in Class 162. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Combinations With Other Paper Treating Operations, above.) 588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
254, for containment of asbestos and subclass 255 for containment with polymers. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Fiber Preparation Or Treating Processes,