(A) Cleaning, i.e., the separation or removal of adherent dirt, scale, tarnish, impurities or any other foreign or undesired matter (as distinguished from solid-material working to obtain desired shapes or new surfaces or removal of a constituent part of the base material of a solid) from solid materials or objects whether or not the resultant separated ingredients are recovered in whole or in part for subsequent use. This includes the pickling of metal. By materials or objects are meant any solid material or object, whether a machine or any other solid in either a naturally occurring or manufactured state and includes the living body.
(B) The contacting of solids with liquids for any purpose not provided for in other classes.
(2) This class has processes and apparatus for the purposes of section (A) above, not elsewhere provided for, as pointed out in the appended notes, but not the resultant products. When the product is claimed, it is classified in the class appropriate thereto and cross-referenced here for the process or apparatus disclosed or claimed.
(3) Cleaning may be performed by, or may involve as a part thereof, contacting solids with liquids. The contacting of solids with liquids may be for purposes other than cleaning. Where the contacting of solids with liquids is for some purpose other than cleaning and some other class provides for processes or apparatus for such purpose, the patent is in general placed in such class even though a combination with cleaning steps is claimed, see the notes below for variations of this line with particular other classes.
(4) Steps or means for cleaning and/or for liquid contact with solids are frequently claimed in combination with steps or means for some additional purpose. Such processes and apparatus are in general classified in the class appropriate to the steps or means for the additional purpose. In other words, this class takes the subcombination for cleaning and/or liquid contact with solids, with steps or means to promote, facilitate, or perfect the cleaning or liquid contact. Most manufacturing classes involve cleaning of, or contacting the product being manufactured with, liquids.
(5) This class dominates over the compounds and compositions used for cleaning or liquid contact with solids. Therefore, where a process or apparatus for this class is claimed and also a compound or composition used therein, the patent is classifiable in this class with a cross-reference to the appropriate compound or composition class. For further particulars as to this line with particular classes, see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Compounds and Compositions, below.
This class (134) does not have processes restricted to either cleaning or contacting with liquids the materials, paper, hides, skins, feathers, and animal tissues either, per se, or combined with other treatments. Class 134 has processes of cleaning of textiles and fibers not involving fluid treatment. Processes of mechanical cleaning (nonsolvent, nonreactive) of textiles and fibers by a gas blast or by suction is not considered a fluid treatment and has been placed in Class 134. Class 134 has, however, apparatus for cleaning and contacting with liquids the above named materials where not provided for in other classes. For subject matter excluded from Class 134, see References to Other classes, below.
(2) COATING AND IMPREGNATING
Some of the classes referenced in References to Other Classes, below, for this subject matter have processes and apparatus for coating and impregnating even though combined with either or both precedent cleaning of the work to be coated or subsequent cleaning of the coating. This class (134) has the cleaning subcombination.
(3) COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS
Compounds and compositions and their manufactures (including purification) are in the classes appropriate to the compound or composition claimed, made or purified, or in the class appropriate to the manufacturing apparatus or process claimed. In general, where both a process for this class (134) and a compound or composition used in such process are claimed, classification is in this class (134) with a cross-reference to the appropriate compound or composition class.
(4) MATERIAL MIXING, SEPARATING, CLASSIFYING, OR ASSORTING
This class (134) has cleaning and liquid contact combinations having the above subcombinations but does not take the above subject matter, per se, even though involving the cleaning of the apparatus used or involving the contacting of solids with liquids as part of the mixing, separating, classifying, or assorting operation. See References to Other Classes below.
(5) INDEX TO PRECEDING NOTES
Other classes having subject matter, per se, within the definitions of this class, combinations of which such subject matter is a part, and subcombinations of such subject matter, considered worthy of special mention are found in References to Other Classes, below.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS
4, Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons, which has such subject matter, per se, and combined with means or steps to clean the same or to contact the same with liquids for various purposes, such as cleaning and disinfecting, and see particularly
538, 660 for shower baths, basins, tubs and sinks, particularly designed for human use, subclasses 538 through 660; 637, 638 and 656, having drain boards and drain racks combined with sinks, or having features claimed adapting them to be mounted on or in, or to engage sink structures.
5, Beds, appropriate subclasses. Class 269 is the residual locus for patents to a device for clamping, supporting and/or holding an article (or articles) in position to be operated on or treated. See notes thereunder for other related loci. See especially
606, for a surgical table combined with drainage means.
7, Compound Tools, for combinations of plural tools one of which may be a cutter, scraper, or other tool useful for cleaning.
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers, see note (1).
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers, which is the class for processes of the following types; bleaching and dyeing materials of any kind; treating of hides, skins, and other animal tissues with chemicals or fluids; liquid and chemically reactive treatments of feathers; and treatment of textiles and fibers to chemically modify the same and some additional special treatments with fluids. The mechanical cleaning of textiles and fibers by a gas blast or by suction is not considered a fluid treatment and such processes have been placed in Class 134. The notes to Class 8 should be consulted for related art. Class 8 takes patents limited to such subject matter and also patents disclosing only such subject matter even though the claims are broad. (For paper, textiles, fibers, hides, etc., excluded from Class 134.)
12, Boot and Shoe Making, which takes such subject matter even though combined with Class 134 subject matter. See particularly subclasses: 18.2 and 148, shoe filling machines and processes; 41.3 pliabilizing soles, with fluid treatment; 70+ and 104, burnishing machines and tools (closely related to cleaning); 79.5, waxing and polishing.
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, see note (1) in Lines With Other Classes. Where a process which may use the apparatus of such class in its practice is also claimed, the patent is classified in some other class appropriate to the process, the apparatus being cross-reference to Class 15,
Class 134 taking all such processes as are limited to cleaning or to liquid contact with solids not otherwise provided for, even though Class 15 apparatus is required for its practice. Class 15 takes apparatus in which a brush, beater, scrapers, shaker, eraser, wiper, shotter, or squeegee operates directly on the work, even though liquids are applied to the work at the same or a different station. Where the apparatus is disclosed for removing materials from the work by a gas or vapor blast action, or by a suction cleaner action, Class 15 has such apparatus even though liquids are applied to the work at a different station, while Class 134 has such apparatus where liquids are applied to the work at the same station. 15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, for apparatus there provided for even though for operating on vegetables, fruits, textiles, etc., and see following note for a more complete statement relative to Class 15. (For paper, textiles, fibers, hides, etc., excluded from Class 134.)
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, for processes and apparatus for liberating fibers, working fibers, or assembling fibers, even though involving cleaning or contacting the same with liquids. (For paper, textiles, fibers, hides, etc., excluded from Class 134; also see note (1), Lines With Other Classes, above)
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, which is the generic class for the treatment and manufacture of inorganic chemicals by a physical process. (for compounds and compositions; also see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Compounds and Compositions, above)
26, Textiles: Cloth Finishing, for processes and apparatus for finishing cloth, even though involving cleaning or contacting the cloth with liquids, e.g.,
18.5, for shrinking. (For paper, textiles, fibers, hides, etc., excluded from Class 134; also see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Paper, Textiles, Fibers, Hides, Skins, Feathers, and Animal Tissues, above)
27, Undertaking, particularly
21.1+, for embalming.
28, Textiles: Manufacturing, for processes and apparatus for performing textile making operations, even though involving cleaning or contacting the textile with liquids. (For paper, textiles, fibers, hides, etc., excluded from Class 134. also see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Paper, Textiles, Fibers, Hides, Skins, Feathers, and Animal Tissues, above).
29, Metal Working, see particularly subclasses: 76.1+, filing; 81.01+, scale removers and preventers; 89.5, burning in, wearing in, and oil burnishing; 90.01+, burnishing.
30, Cutlery, which has cutlery implements that may be used for cleaning purposes; and cleaning devices attached to and forming part of a cutlery combination, see particularly
41, and 124+. 34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, particularly
280+, for feather drying and nonreactive gas or vapor treatments of feathers, and other appropriate subclasses for drying, per se, of textiles, fibers, and other materials (see Class 34 note below for a further statement). (For paper, textiles, fibers, hides, etc., excluded from Class 134.)
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, (see also Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Paper, Textiles, Fibers, Hides, Skins, Feathers, and Animal Tissues, above), which is the generic class for drying, per se, and the generic class for gas or vapor contact with solids. Class 134 takes processes limited to cleaning even though such processes involve only the contact of gases or vapors with solids, and also combined cleaning and drying processes, while Class 34 takes all processes limited to drying, per se, even though involving liquid contact, and also processes of gas or vapor contact with solids for purposes other than cleaning, Class 34 takes apparatus disclosed for applying gases or vapors only to the work and even though the apparatus is disclosed for cleaning, while Class 134 takes apparatus disclosed for contacting solid work with liquids only, both liquids and gases or vapors, or with fluids disclosed generically only. Class 34,
90+, takes apparatus for removing liquid from work by contacting the work with solid material which removes the liquid by absorption, absorption or adhesion (e.g., blotting devices).
37, Excavating,
199+, and 227+ having combined snow excavators and melters, and for hydraulic excavating or dredging in subclasses 466 and 307+.
38, Textiles: Ironing or Smoothing. (For paper, textiles, fibers, hides, etc., excluded from Class 134; also see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Paper, Textiles, Fibers, Hides, Skins, Feathers, and Animal Tissues, above)
44, Fuel and Related Compositions,
640, for composition for wall deposit prevention and removal. (for compounds and compositions; also see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Compounds and Compositions, above).
47, Plant Husbandry, see particularly
27, 48.5, 79+ for plant irrigators. 47, Plant Husbandry,
58.1, or processes of preparing vegetable seed for planting, including liquid application. (For paper, textiles, fibers, hides, etc., excluded from Class 134; also see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Paper, Textiles, Fibers, Hides, Skins, Feathers, and Animal Tissues, above)
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating.
51, Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition, for an abrasive tool making process, material, or composition. (for compounds and compositions)
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),
37, for a window frame with a cleaner's hook, subclass 168 for a building with a protective liquid supply, and subclasses 171.3+ for residual constructions of a window with treating means for it.
55, Gas Separation, see note (4).
55, Gas Separation, for apparatus for separating materials from gases, (for material mixing, separating, classifying, etc., Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Material Mixing, Separating, Classifying, or Assorting, above)
56, Harvesters,
395, for horse rake clearers; subclasses 400.08+ for hand rakes with cleaner, and subclass 448 for binder needle cleaners.
57, Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and Twining. (For paper, textiles, fibers, hides, etc., excluded from Class 134; also Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Paper, Textiles, Fibers, Hides, Skins, Feathers, and Animal Tissues, above)
62, Refrigeration, 64, for processes of cooling articles by contact with a liquid; and subclasses 373+ for apparatus for cooling an article by contact with a liquid having specific defined means for cooling the liquid.
65, Glass Manufacturing,
27, for a glassworking or treating process combined with the step of repairing or cleaning of apparatus; subclass 116 for processes of tempering glass by quenching a liquid bath; and
subclass 168 for glassworking or treating apparatus combined with positive apparatus cleaning means.
66, Textiles: Knitting. (For paper, textiles, fibers, hides, etc., excluded from Class 134; also see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Paper, Textiles, Fibers, Hides, Skins, Feathers, and Animal Tissues, above)
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, which is the generic class for apparatus for the fluid treatment of textiles and fibers, and which takes such apparatus disclosed only for such purpose and disclosed for such purpose even though other purposes (as dishwashing, etc.) are disclosed. (For paper, textiles, fibers, hides, etc., excluded from Class 134; also see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Paper, Textiles, Fibers, Hides, Skins, Feathers, and Animal Tissues, above)
69, Leather Manufactures. (For paper, textiles, fibers, hides, etc., excluded from Class 134; also see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Paper, Textiles, Fibers, Hides, Skins, Feathers, and Animal Tissues, above)
69, Leather Manufactures, see note (1).
72, Metal Deforming,
38, 39+ and 46+ for a plastic-metal shaping apparatus combined with means to vapor-contact, lubricate or coat the work, and see the notes thereto.
73, Measuring and Testing, which is the generic class for processes and apparatus for measuring and testing, and see the notes to the class definition for other measuring and testing. Class 73 has measuring and testing involving liquid contact with the test specimen. Process and apparatus for cleaning or liquid contact with solids for purposes other than measuring or testing combined with measuring or testing are in Class 134, the measuring or testing being in Class 73, along with measuring or testing devices with a built in cleaning attachment, see
324, for sight glasses with cleaner. 74, Machine Element or Mechanism, see appropriate subclasses for machine elements and mechanisms, per se, useful for operating apparatus of the type classified in Class 134.
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures, for processes of recovering or producing metals which include contacting solids with liquids. Class 75 is the generic class for processes of separating metal from metal or metal from nonmetal for use of the metal in a metallurgical process. (for compounds and compositions; see note (3), Lines With Other Classes, above)
83, Cutting,
168, for means to clean the tool or work.
84, Music,
64, for cleaning pneumatic piano actions.
87, Textiles: Braiding, Netting, and Lace Making. (For paper, textiles, fibers, hides, etc., excluded from Class 134; see notes (1) and (2), Lines With Other Classes, above.)
95, Gas Separation: Processes, for processes of gas separation in combination with the regeneration of the separating media by cleaning or liquid contact with the separating media. (for material mixing, separating, classifying, etc.)
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for apparatus for gas separation in combination with means to regenerate the separating media by cleaning or liquid contact with the separating media, see particularly subclasses 228+ for gas separation apparatus having means using liquid to clean the separating apparatus. (for material mixing, separating, classifying, etc.)
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, which is the generic class for apparatus for preparing and treating food and beverages involving more than mere cleaning, apparatus for merely cleaning fruits, vegetables, etc., being in Class 134 or other classes in accordance with the lines there between. Class 99 has apparatus for separating, mechanically and such apparatus combined with cleaning and liquid contact means. Apparatus for cleaning with liquids or chemicals or liquid contact, per se, for other purposes in not in Class 99, but in Class 134 or other appropriate classes, even though for the purpose of removing naturally occurring parts of the work (as shells, fuzz, skins, etc.), there being no mechanical agent for cutting or comminuting the work (as a cutter, abrader, etc.). However, Class 99,
518+, and 600+, provides for devices in which grain is subjected to an appreciable abrading or rubbing in cleaning. (For paper, textiles, fibers, hides, etc., excluded from Class 134; also see note (1), Lines With Other Classes, above) 100, Presses,
104+, for presses not elsewhere classified, having drain means for expressed liquid. (for material mixing, separating, classifying, etc.; see note (4), Lines With Other Classes, above).
101, Printing,
423, 425, having cleaning combinations.
104, Railways,
279+, for track clearers.
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, for such compositions and processes of making same. (for compounds and compositions; see note (3), Lines With Other Classes, above.)
108, Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces,
24, for a horizontal planar supporting surface member combined with drainage means.
111, Planting,
6+, for devices having earth working implements and adapted to deliver liquid or gas for contact with the soil. 114, Ships,
222, for hull cleaning implements.
118, Coating Apparatus, for processes and apparatus for coating and impregnating even though combined with either or both precedent cleaning of the work; (see (2) Note, Lines With Other Classes, above)..
119, Animal Husbandry, particularly
83+, for grooming devices and subclass 158 for anti-vermin dipping and washing.
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers,
361, and 379+ for combinations of water heaters with means to clean same.
123, Internal-Combustion Engines,
198, ; processes of cleaning engines or parts thereof are in Class 134 even though claimed in combination with engine operation, where only such steps of engine operation are claimed as are necessary for the cleaning operation claimed, but engines claimed in combination with an engine cleaning attachment are in Class 123.
125, Stone Working, Class 134 has the subcombination of cleaning stone and brick by detergent action.
126, Stoves and Furnaces,
16, for stoves with flue cleaners. 127, Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates, see note (3).
127, Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates, for processes of, and apparatus for, leaching purging or contacting liquids with solids used in connection with making, extracting or purifying carbohydrates. (for compounds and compositions)
131, Tobacco, particularly
300, 314 and 324 for tobacco cleaning treatment with fluids and brushing; 184.1+ for smoking devices (pipes, cigar or cigarette holders) with cleaner; 232 for ash receivers combined with a smoking devices cleaner and subclasses 243 through 246 for smoking device cleaners.
132, Toilet,
7, for processes of treating (including cleaning) human hair upon the body; subclasses 9+ for devices for treating the hair; subclasses 112+ for combs with an orifice for applying fluent material; subclass 119 for combs combined with a teeth cleaner; subclasses 31+ for devices for curling hair with or without liquid contact; and subclasses 73+ for manicure devices.
137, Fluid Handling, appropriate subclass for fluid handling apparatus, including tanks, etc., which do not have means for applying liquids to solids, particularly
237+, for fluid handling apparatus combined with cleaning means, and subclass 357 for apparatus used for washing or applying fluid to vehicles when no means for containing, conveying, or supporting or guiding the movement of such vehicles or objects is claimed, and when the supply line is supported by part of the building.
139, Textiles: Weaving. (For paper, textiles, fibers, hides, etc., excluded from Class 134; also see note (1), Lines With Other Classes, above)
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means, for processes and apparatus for filling receivers with fluent material, per se, and combined with precedent or subsequent cleaning.
148, Metal Treatment, (see also note (3), Lines With OTher Classes, above). This class (148) is the generic class for processes of treating metal. Class 134 has only the subcombination, the cleaning and pickling of metal, per se, (not involving any other character of metal treatment), including the use of detersive materials which include an ingredient (such as oil) which is left behind on the metal cleaned. Class 148 has various fluid and chemical treatments of solid metal to change the chemical or physical properties of the metal, as distinguished from cleaning and pickling thereof. Class 148, 240+, have processes for coating of metal in which an element of the coating is supplied by the metal base coated, Class
134, having no processes of this type.
148, Metal Treatment,
22+, for compositions for treating solid metal other than for cleaning and pickling. (for compounds and compositions)
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, has subject matter pertaining to differential etching apparatus and etching methods, per se, see
345, and 625+, respectively; for apparatus for moistening the flap of an envelope and causing the flap to adhere to the body of the envelope see subclasses 441.5+, and for apparatus having means for shaping, scarifying or cleaning joining surface only see subclass 535.
157, Wheelwright Machines,
7, for tire setters combined with liquid tanks for cooling the tire.
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel,
11, for combinations with a cleaner and subclass 44 for combinations with liquid applying means.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
1+, and 233+ for processes and apparatus respectively for chemically liberating fibers from fibrous material (paper pulp digestion) and for chemically purifying or refining the liberated fibers. (For paper, textiles, fibers, hides, etc., excluded from Class 134.) 164, Metal Founding,
344+, and subclasses 401+ for apparatus for disintegrating a sand mold or core while in molding association with (a) a flask, or (b) a casting even though involving Class 134 subject matter, except abrading means (Class 51, Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition) or an agitating screen (Class 209, Classifying, Separating and Assorting Solids) functioning as the sole means for disintegration. Also, see Class 164, subclasses 131+ for corresponding methods.
165, Heat Exchange,
95, for a heat exchange device with a cleaning means.
166, Wells,
311+, for well cleaning processes and appropriate subclasses for well cleaning apparatus.
168, Farriery,
48.1+, for hoof cleaning tools.
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
12, 13 and 52 for devices for cleaning or stripping material from the working surfaces of buried object recovery devices. See also subclass 25 for unearthing devices combined with a brushing or wiping means for cleaning the undesired adhering material from the surface of a recovered plant or like object; and see subclasses 14 and 17 for devices which may be combined with recovered object cleaning means or may include, as an inherent part of the unearthing of the objects, a means which incidentally causes a cleaning of said recovered object.
172, Earth Working, 606+, and the subclasses there noted for an earth working implement with a cleaner.
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, appropriate subclass for a means to drive or impact a tool or the like, and particularly
197+, for such means having a work cleansing modification.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,
8+, for those using fluids and subclass 211 for insulators with dirt or moisture removing means.
175, Boring or Penetrating The Earth,
207+, for means utilizing fluid to remove cuttings from a hole which is being formed in the earth.
184, Lubrication, Class 134 has no lubrication, per se. Class 184,
1.5, has cleaning by flushing of automobile crank, transmission or differential casings combined lubricating and see the note to Class 184, subclass 1.5 for a complete statement of the line.
191, Electricity: Transmission to Vehicles,
62, for trolley heads with ice clearers or preventers.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, 122, for mineral oil vaporizers having means to remove carbon.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven for conveyors, per se, and in
494+, a conveyor having installed as part of its structure a
means for cleaning a component of the conveyor.
199, Type Casting,
62, for cleaning attachments for casting mechanism of integral line machines.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, for processes for destructively distilling solid carbonaceous material, particularly
2, for a process for cleaning a coke oven and subclass 39, for a process including quenching char.
202, Distillation: Apparatus, see note (4) for processes and apparatus for separation of either solids or liquids by this operation.
241, has processes and apparatus for cleaning and decarbonizing coke ovens, retorts or stills, subclasses 227+, has coke quenching, and subclass 170 has apparatus for vaporizing liquids and condensing the vapors on solid bodies in the upper part of the still.
202, Distillation: Apparatus, which has apparatus for recovering a liquid from a solid and/or other liquids by evaporation and condensation thereof. Class 134 takes claimed combinations of work handling or supporting means or steps, with means or steps to apply a liquid to the work, as by spraying or immersion, where said liquid is distilled or evaporated, whether or not the resulting vapor is (a) directly connected with the work or (b) condensed for reuse to contact the work. Such disclosures have been excluded from Class 134 if only the liquid distillation subcombination or the vapor-phase work contact subcombination has been claimed. For the latter subcombinations, see the line between Classes 34 and Class 202 as stated in the Class definition of Class 202, in Lines With Other Classes, Distillation Apparatus, in the last sentence of (1) Note (for material mixing, separating, classifying, etc.)
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, which has processes for distilling a liquid. For the line between this class (134) and Class 203, see the class definition of Class 203. Lines With Other Classes, Processes Including Evaporation. (for material mixing, separating, classifying, etc.; see (4) Note, Lines With Other Classes, above.) 204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, appropriate subclasses for processes which include steps coming within Class 204 combined with cleaning of any kind or by any means or apparatus therefor and cleaning processes or apparatus therefor which include chemical action by electrical or wave energy. Class 134 has the subcombination of contacting solids with liquids.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, for products
solely disclosed as made by a Class 204 process except for those listed in the Class 204 definition under I (B). (for compounds and compositions)
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions, for electrolytic treatment combined with cleaning of any kind (e.g.,
210+, for liquid treatment of a substrate followed by electrolytic coating, etc.) or by any means or apparatus therefor and for electrolytic cleaning (e.g., subclasses 705+ for electrolytic removal of foreign material from metal or metal alloy, subclasses 766+ for electrolytic treatment of other solid material in general, etc.). Class 134 has the subcombination of contacting solids with liquids.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products,
14+, for mineral oil products and compositions. (for compounds and compositions)
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products,
48, for processes of chemically converting hydrocarbons combined with a step of removing deleterious carbon accumulations formed on the equipment.
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, for separation of solids in accordance to their size or other differing physical characteristics, including the use of liquids to assist in such operations (for example, the liquid suspension and other liquid treatment subclasses) excepting processes and corresponding apparatus of cleaning work of dirt or foreign matter, which is adherent thereto (as distinguished from being merely mixed therewith as by being derived from a natural source, e.g., clay gravel beds); and see particularly
379+, for clearers for keeping open passages in sifters and subclass 487 for cleaners for stratifiers. Processes and apparatus in which the liquid used to promote separation of the solids into grades is disclosed and/or claimed as also treating the solids for purposes in addition to separation is not provided for in Class 134, but in Class 209 or other appropriate class. (for material mixing, separating, classifying, etc.; see (4) note, Lines With Other Classes, above)
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 670+, for a process including rehabilitation of ion exchange or sorption material, subclasses 791+ for a process of rehabilitation of a filter medium in situ, and subclasses 106+, 158, 159, 225, 269+, 276, 298, 327, 332, 353, 355, 391+, and 407 for the combination of filter means and means for cleaning the filter medium in situ. (for material mixing, separating, classifying, etc..; see (4) note, Lines With
Other Classes, above)
211, Supports: Racks, appropriate subclasses for racks for supporting articles and even though the rack has features for draining, Class 134, having the combination of cleaning apparatus with a rack for holding articles either during or after cleaning.
216, Etching a Substrate: Processes, for material removal involving etching to form a desired shape, a new surface or removal of a constituent part of the base material of a solid.
220, Receptacles, for receptacles for holding articles or materials even though having features for draining, there being no means for cleaning or applying liquids to the work, particularly
485+, for the sectional type, 500+ for the wire type 600+ for the compartment type, 668+ for bottom structure, for skeleton frame type, and see subclasses 695+ for scraping attachments.
221, Article Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for article dispensers, not otherwise provided for, not claimed in combination with means or steps for cleaning or contacting with liquids the articles dispensed.
222, Dispensing, for liquid dispensers, per se, and
148+, and see the notes thereto for dispensers with a cleaning attachment.
223, Apparel Apparatus,
11, for apparatus for removing water and size from hat bodies; subclass 23 for hat cleaning apparatus.
228, Metal Fusion Bonding, 19+, for apparatus for and subclass 125 for method of bonding and removing excess flux or solder from a bonded joint; subclasses 201+ and 205+ for bonding combined with cleaning.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, appropriate subclasses, especially
302+, 398+ and 549 for multiple fluid sprayers. (for material mixing, separating, classifying, etc.).
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, (see also note 4) for such subcombinations, particularly
146+, for mobile or ambulant devices for applying liquids to railroads, streets, etc., other appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous fluid supplying devices (e.g., subclasses 208+) for washing or applying fluids to vehicles or other objects
when no means for containing, conveying, supporting or guiding the movement of such vehicles or objects is claimed; and subclasses 104+ for nozzle cleaners or flushers. Liquid applicators such as sprayers supported upon or guided by a track or conduit have been placed in Class 134 (or Class 118) where liquid application is limited essentially to the track or conduit and in Class 239 where an area (such as a street or field) is sprayed even though this area may incidentally include a track, conduit or guide.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
15+, and 38+ for processes and apparatus for the purpose of the class combined with means to contact the work with fluids.
244, Aeronautics,
134, for ice prevention.
246, Railway Switches and Signals,
428, and 444, for track switches having snow removal and automatic dirt removal means. 248, Supports, for article supports even though features for draining are provided.
252, Compositions, which is the generic class for compositions of matter. See the section LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS in the class definition for a listing of composition classes in the USPCS and its use for determining placement of generic claims with multiple disclosed utilities. Class 252 has several classes which are an integral part of its schedule and which follow the rules of hierarchical placement for a class. See particularly:
79.1+, for etching or brightening compositions; subclass 88.1, for dust suppressants for bulk materials, or processes of preparing (e. g., for consolidating dust in coal mines, controlling soil erosion, etc.); subclass 88.2 for compositions for coating or impregnating a substrate used for collecting fine particles by adherence, or processes of preparing (e. g., for impregnating dusting cloths, dust filters, etc.); subclasses 175+, for water-softening or purifying or scale-inhibiting agents; subclass 364, for solvents.
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, which is the generic class for such compounds. (for compounds and compositions; see note (3), Lines With Other Classes, above)
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, for gas and liquid contact, per se. Where gas and liquid contact is claimed in combination with means for holding or handling a solid which is to be cleaned or contacted by the gas and liquid mixture, classification is in Class 134 or other class appropriate to
the combination. (for material mixing, separating, classifying, etc.; see note (4), Lines With Other Classes, above).
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, for processes within the class definition which may be combined with a Class 134 step, e.g.,
39, which includes the step of cleaning, polishing or preconditioning apparatus for use, and subclass 233, providing for subsequent washing of a molded article.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, for apparatus for treating solid metal with liquids and see the note to Class 266,
114, for the line.
280, Land Vehicles,
855+, for wheel scrapers and cleaners. 291, Track Sanders,
12, for fluid delivery type blast nozzles with cleaners, subclasses 42+ for sand pipe cleaners and subclass 48 for sand screens.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,
50+, for fork-tine or shovel clearers, and also for hand and hoist-line implements for picking up material, as subclasses 49+ for hand forks and shovels, 61 for spears, 65.5 for magnets, 67.1 for frames and cages, 68.22+ for hoisting bucket type, and 86.4+ for grapples.
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
3+, for a process or apparatus for melting or dissolving material for the recovery of valuable material from an in situ location in the earth.
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, for draining cabinets, and for cabinets having washing apparatus as a part of the combination.
314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable Electrodes,
22, for such devices with fluent material feed to the discharge, and subclasses 23+ for combinations with a cleaner.
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets,
285+, for magnets which may be used to remove or pick up magnetic material from a surface. 362, Illumination,
458, for burner tip cleaners.
366, Agitating, (see note (4), Lines With Other Classes, above), for mere agitating, as distinguished from agitating to grind. Note that cleaning by tumbling involving liquid contact is in Class 134.
366, Agitating, for agitators, per se, and includes the combination of means for feeding to and discharging from the agitator. Containers having a chamber and an agitating element therein to cause mixing and agitation of a mixture of liquids and solids in the container are in Class 366. Where there is a carrier mounted in the container to merely convey solid work therethrough in contact with the liquid in the container, classification is in Class 134, even though the carrier causes agitation of the liquid that contacts the carried solid work, Class 134 also having means for agitating liquid materials when claimed in combination with a separate means for holding or handling a solid which is to be cleaned or contacted by the liquid. Liquid contacting agitators combined with other devices not provided for as combinations in Class 366 (see the class definition of that class) e.g., means to separate the contact liquid from the treated solid, are provided for in this class (134) or other appropriate class according to the lines therebetween. (for material mixing, separating, classifying, etc.)
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval,
72+, for record cleaning combined with record use.
384, Bearings,
137, and 384 for bearing with cleaning means.
399, Electrophotography,
34+, for diagnostics of a residual toner removal system, subclass 245 for self-cleaning with electrodes a liquid development application member, and subclasses 343+ for cleaning of an image surface, per se. (For paper, textiles, fibers, hides, etc., excluded from Class 134.)
401, Coating Implements With Material Supply, appropriate subclasses, wherein subclasses, 196+ and 261+, are to implements whose tool is blade-like or pad-like and 268+, wherein it is a brush, broom or mop; hence, each of these loci is likely to include cleaning implements.
401, Coating Implements With Material Supply. (for processes
and apparatus for coating and impregnating even though combined with either or both precedent cleaning of the work)
406, Conveyors: Fluid Current, appropriate subclasses for hydraulic conveyors.
414, Material or Article Handling, appropriate subclasses for handling apparatus and processes in general not claimed in combination with means or steps for cleaning or contacting with liquid the work handled; see such subclasses as 146, 147+, and 288+ for a chamber or static receptacle and means to charge, discharge or move material therewithin;
217+, for moving material between zones of different pressures; subclasses 222.01+ for charging a load-supporting element from a source and moving it to a working, treating, or inspecting station, and subclass 287 for a static receptacle of a material conditioning type and means to move material to, within, or from the receptacle.
417, Pumps, for pump structure, including jet pumps.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, for rotary expansible chamber devices, per se.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, appropriate subclasses for processes of disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, also for like apparatus not elsewhere provided for, for such subject matter, per se. Class 134 takes cleaning even though an agent for disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing is used.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, which is the generic class for chemical apparatus. (for compounds and compositions)
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, for manufacturing inorganic compounds by chemical reaction and processes for extracting, leaching or dissolving inorganic compounds and nonmetallic elements. (for compounds and compositions)
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, for a medicinal or biocidal composition or a composition for enhancing the appearance of a living body or for a process of mere use of such a composition, which may be a liquid. (for compounds and compositions) 425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus,
67+, for a filament or film extrusion device discharging directly into a liquid bath or shower means, subclass 71 for shaping or reshaping means combined with means advancing a continuous length work through a downstream liquid bath or
shower means, and subclasses 225+ for shaping or reshaping apparatus for nonmetals combined with apparatus cleaning means; see the search notes thereunder.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products, which is the generic class for processes of preparing foods involving cleaning or liquid contact with solids. The mere cleaning of food or edible material i.e., the removal of naturally occurring substances on food (e.g., dirt, smut, etc.) are provided for in Class 134. (For paper, textiles, fibers, hides, etc., excluded from Class 134; also see note (1), Lines With Other Classes, above)
427, Coating Processes, The application of liquids or other materials to a base to impregnate the same for retention therein, or for obtaining a surface coating (either type of which may be permanent or transitory) is not provided for in this class (134), the above noted classes being the generic classes for apparatus and processes, respectively, for such purposes, notes to the definitions thereof referring to related art. This class (134) provides for cleaning and for liquid contact with solids for purposes other than coating and impregnating, with the following exceptions: (a) Application of a detersive material which forms a solidified or hardened coating on the solid material and which is to be subsequently removed whether or not the removal is claimed, including those which bind the undesired or foreign material and remove the same from the base when stripped off. (b) The application of detersive materials for cleaning and pickling of metal which detersive materials have admixed therewith a material (such as oil) which may be left behind on the metal cleaned. (for processes and apparatus for coating and impregnating even though combined with either or both precedent cleaning of the work; see note (2), Lines With Other Classes, above.)
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process Composition, or Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for combination of cleaning and a step(s) provided for in the class.
431, Combustion,
121+, for a residual combustion device having cleaning, purging or scavenging means.
433, Dentistry,
80+, for dentists' cleaning apparatus which include a dispensing outlet; and subclass 216 for teeth cleaning methods.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
262+, for processes of cleaning, liberating or purifying bodies or materials, which include fermentations. (For paper, textiles, fibers, hides, etc., excluded from Class 134; see notes (1), Lines With Other Classes, above)
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
265, for ferment containing compositions and for materials to be used in fermentation processes. (for compounds and compositions; see note (3) Lines With Other classes, above)
440, Marine Propulsion,
73, for self-clearing propellers.
451, Abrading, (see also Note 3, Lines With Other Classes, above)), for a process or apparatus for abrading or cleaning or liquid contact with solids involving use of an abradant, with or without use of a detergent. Search Class 51,
32+, for a process of or subclasses 326+ for apparatus for abrading or cleaning in which plural workpieces are caused to tumble or rub against each other, with or without use of an abradant or, without use of a liquid when no abradant is utilized. Note that cleaning by tumbling, without an abradant, involving liquid contact is in Class 134.
452, Butchering, has apparatus and processes for cleaning and dressing of animals for food, including cleaning and contacting the same with liquids. (For paper, textiles, fibers, hides, etc., excluded from Class 134; see note (1), Lines With Other Classes, above)
454, Ventilation,
83, 93, 121+, and 198 for window condensation precenters.
460, Crop Threshing or Separating. (for material mixing, separating, classifying, etc.; see note (4), Lines With Other Classes, above)
474, Endless Belt Power Transmission Systems or Components, 92, for belt and pulley transmission with a cleaning device for the belt or pulley.
494, Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators,
27+, for a separator of that class provided with means for furnishing auxiliary fluid to the material or the apparatus and wherein the fluid is liquid in nature. (for material mixing, separating, classifying, etc.)
510, Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, for detergents, etc., per se, and for the statement of the line between that subject matter and Class 134.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for synthetic resins or natural rubber or
compositions thereof. (for compounds and compositions)
585, Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds, for hydrocarbon compounds, processes for their synthesis or purification, and certain compositions containing a hydrocarbon. (for compounds and compositions)